Educational System in Russia

Educational system in Russia and GB.

Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to

education is stated in the constitution of the Russia Federation. It’s

ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools and higher

education establishment. It is also ensured by the development of

extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarship and

grants.

Education in Russia is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. The

stages of compulsory schooling in Russia are: primary education for

ages 6-7 to 9-10 inclusive; and senior school for ages 10-11 to 12-13

inclusive, and senior school for ages 13-14 to 14-15 inclusive. If a

pupil of secondary school wishes to go on in higher education, he or

she must stay at school for two more years. Primary and secondary

school together comprise 11 years of study. Every school has a «core

curriculum» of academic subjects, such as…

After finishing the 9th form one can go on to a vocational school

which offer programmes of academic subjects and a programme of

training in a technical field, or a profession.

After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a

gymnasium one can go into higher education. All applicants must take

competitive exam. Higher education institution, that is institutes or

universities, offer a 5-years programme of academic subjects for

undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a graduate course

and writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidates degree or a

doctoral degree.

Higher educational establishments are headed by Rectors. Protectors

are in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or a

university has a number of faculties, each specializing councils which

confer candidate and doctoral degrees.

The system of higher and secondary education in Russia is going trough

a transitional period. The main objectives of the reforms are: to

decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial

mechanism, to give more academic freedom to faculties and students.

All secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently have

been funded by the state. Now there is quite a number of private

fee-paying primary and secondary schools, some universities have

fee-paying departments.

All British children must stay at school from the age of 5 until they

are 16. Many of them stay longer and take final examination when they

are 17 or 18. Before 1965 all children had to go through special

intelligence tests. There were different types of state secondary

schools and at the age of 11 children went to different schools in

accordance of with the results of the tests.

State schools are divided into the following types:

- Grammar schools. Children who go to grammar schools are usually