International organizations are instruments of international action and have the competences, systems, and numbers that lend legitimacy for them to take up action. The development of the European security and defense policy (ESDP) as an advancement for the European Union (EU), evolved into the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), and acts as an agent for a common European defense structures and cooperation between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the EU. The common defense policy was put into action through the signing of the ‘Berlin Plus Agreement’ in 2003. This protocol allows the EU to use NATO structures and assets to carry out military operations, if NATO is not partaking. An EU planning cell in now in full operation at SHAPE, NATO’s military epicenter.1 Ideas harbored and contrived from cold war rhetoric argue that cooperation between NATO and the EU will not last. Some players with in the organizations even have the attitude that the two organizations should not work together. However, in a world where military means alone will not resolve conflict and maintain peace, EU civilian capabilities working in tandem with NATO military expertise is the answer to managing crisis and perpetuating liberal democracy and content stability. Investigating this postulation will require an answer to three key questions: can these two organizations work together towards a common security defense policy? Are the goals, values and structures of each organization too fundamentally different for cooperation? Will the CSDP undermine the capabilities of either organization? The purpose of asking these questions is to undermine the assumptions that NATO and the EU cannot work together and to break down the base pillars for ...
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an alliance of 26 countries from North America and Europe committed to fulfilling the goals of the North Atlantic Treaty signed on April 4 1949. The fundamental goal of NATO is to safeguard the freedom and security of its member countries by political and military means. NATO links North America and Europe by providing a forum in which the United States, Canada and European countries can consult together on security issues of common concern and take joint action in addressing them.
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In the 1950s, French insecurity feelings forced the state to strengthen its military and presumed Germany as their potential enemy. The state decided not to join the European Defence Community (EDC); where Britain and United States excluded, to stay away from its former archenemy. In other hand, the members of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); particularly the hegemons US and Britain provided guarantees as the security providers to European in against potential German aggression. The guarantee triggered the French National Assembly to...
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The author doesn’t forget to mention the relationship between USA and NATO. He thinks that Americans welcome NATO as a weapon for America’s affairs, not of the world’s. In his final words, it is suggested that either Europe should invite USA to leave NATO or Europe should expel America from it.
Current military leadership should comprehend the nature of war in which they are engaged within a given political frame in order to develop plans that are coherent with the desired political end state. According to Clausewitz, war is an act of politics that forces an enemy to comply with certain conditions or to destroy him through the use of violence. A nation determines its vital interests, which drives national strategy to obtain or protect those interests. A country achieves those goals though the execution of one of the four elements of power, which are diplomatic, informational, military and economical means. The use of military force...
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Which EU institution is the most powerful? The European Union (EU) is currently made up of 25 countries, known as Member States, which together form the largest voluntary and peaceful block of countries in the world. Many people mistakenly view the European Union as a single body whilst in fact; the EU consists of a number of different institutions that together carry out activities on behalf of the Member States. There are many institutions but the main five being the Commission, the Council of Ministers (also called the Council of the European Union), the European Council and the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice. In this essay I am going to focus on these institutions and discuss which is to be considered more powerful.
Introduction: The cessation of the Cold War has changed the nature of global politics. Although the termagant era of containment has concluded the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) continues to ensure an international defense cooperative essential to the national security interests of the United States. NATO also serves as means to preserve stability and propagate democratic values in the transatlantic arena. Article X of the North Atlantic Treaty states the any European nation that advances the provisions of the treaty and provides cooperative security can join NATO with the approval of existing member states.
The United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization are two different groups, but they affect the world in the same way. They both want to make a difference in today's world, they strive for peace and prosperity, and they work hard to accomplish their goals.
The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has been termed as the largest single expansion of the EU with a total of 12 new member states – bringing the number of members to 27 – and more than 77 million citizens joining the Commission (Murphy 2006, Neueder 2003, Ross 2011). A majority of the new member states in this enlargement are from the eastern part of the continent and were countries that had just emerged from communist economies (EC 2009, Ross 2011), although overall, the enlargement also saw new member states from very different economic, social and political compared to that of the old member states (EC 2009, Ross 2011). This enlargement was also a historical significance in European history, for it saw the reunification of Europe since the Cold War in a world of increasing globalization (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). For that, overall, this enlargement is considered by many to have been a great success for the EU and its citizens but it is not without its problems and challenges (EC 2009, Mulle et al. 2013, Ross 2011). This essay will thus examine the impact of the 2004/2007 enlargements from two perspectives: firstly, the impact of the enlargements on the EU as a whole, and thereafter, how the enlargements have affected the new member states that were acceded during the 2004/2007 periods. Included in the essay will be the extent of their integration into the EU and how being a part of the Commission has contributed to their development as nation states. Following that, this essay will then evaluate the overall success of the enlargement process and whether the EU or the new member states have both benefited from the accessions or whether the enlargement has only proven advantageous to one th...