Spirits
Amongst the many achievements which the Arab scholars had produced, they also refined and popularized a technique that gave rise to a new range of drinks known as distillation. Dating back to the fourth millennium BCE, distillation has been found in northern mesopotamia where it was used as perfumes. However, the eighth century BCE was when distillation became important towards the advancement of civilization as the Arab scholar, Jabir ibn Hayyan, devised an improved form of distillation apparatus and applied it to wine, creating a liquid with far more alcohol content than ever before. These drinks were heavily crucial when it came time for the age of exploration because they provided a durable and compact form of alcohol for transport
…show more content…
The Enlightenment represented a celebration of empiricism, free speech, careful observation, and patient study of classical texts. Indeed, the key drink of the Enlightenment was coffee which enabled the spread of new rationalism throughout Europe by promoting sharpness and clarity of thought. In addition, coffee had another appeal which was that it had been unknown to the Greeks or Romans emphasizing that the world had move past the limits of the ancient world. Coffee had been popular in the Muslim world for many hundreds of years, in part because Islam forbade the drinking of alcohol. In the late Middle Ages, coffee arrived in Europe thanks to the strength of Muslim trading networks. Coffee did not become popular in Europe until the Enlightenment. Nonetheless, Enlightenment Europeans celebrated coffee because it helped its consumers focus and filled them with energy-useful qualities in a culture that celebrated intelligence and careful thinking. The earliest “coffeehouses” were established in England, followed by France which had environments where discussions led to forming public opinion creating a unique bridge between the public and private worlds. Coffeehouses were public places where men could drink coffee and, more importantly, discuss art, politics, and philosophy. The pinnacle of success for Europe was when Europe’s coffeehouses served as the primary source of spreading news and functioning as the internet of the Age of Reason. Many of the key discoveries and milestones of the Age of Enlightenment played out in coffeehouses, from Newton’s laws of physics to the beginning of the French Revolution. To this day, coffee remains the drink of choice for intellectuals and creative thinkers. It persists as a drink which people meet to discuss, develop, and exchange ideas and information along with facilitating cooperation without the risk of the loss of
Tom Standage has described the beginnings of six beverages: beer, wine, spirits, coffee, tea, and Coca-Cola and has found many connections, and information helpful in finding out history of the drinks themselves but also their impacts on the growth of civilization as a whole. This book connects everything with society both past and present, it makes learning about history and the way drinks connect fun and interesting. Like learning without even realizing you are. A History of the World in Six Glasses is more than just talking about each beverage as a single but as a whole, it’s connections, uses, relations, and growth they started.
Coffee is a truly a mythological treasure. It serves the dual functions of waking one up and providing one with relaxation. It is both acid and base, bitter and sweet, caustic and comforting. It is used for an array of purposes: to soothe, to give energy, to lend fortitude, to bring people together. Sometimes it is ascribed almost supernatural healing properties. In Mario Puzo’s The Fortunate Pilgrim, coffee takes these roles and more: the drinking of coffee is an immensely important ritual that serves a myriad of social functions and responds to a wide range of human emotions.
It is not common that when one thinks of the history of the world that the thought of beer, wine, spirits, tea, coffee, or even Coca-Cola comes to mind. Matter of fact, the thought of a beverage having an impact in history may be the very last thing that comes to mind. But according to Tom Standage in his book A History of the World in 6 Glasses, he argues that these six drinks have had an all-round influence in the history of the world. It is hard to imagine that the drinks we know of today, were the foundation and building blocks of the history that has been engraved in us. As to which beverage has had a greater impact in history, it is a matter of the extent to which each particular drink has contributed to influencing, not just people, but the course of history. Not diminishing the impact of the other beverages, but coffee has had a greater impact in history over tea and the other drinks.
When we learn about the history of the world we usually divide it up into eras, dynasties, major wars, revolutions, etc. But what we all learn is that even the smallest thing can have a massive impact on history. In this book, Tom Standage chose to look at the way six different beverages altered history. I never knew how important different beverages were throughout history, but Standage was able to prove that beverages were responsible for global revolutions, intellectual and political insights, and good motivators for work.
Enlightenment had an enormous impact on educated, well to do people in Europe and America. It supplied them with a common vocabulary and a unified view of the world, one that insisted that the enlightened 18th century was better, and wiser, than all previous ages. It joined them in a common endeavor, the effort to make sense of God's orderly creation. Thus
The radical shift in European culture, covering almost a century and a half of the region’s history, is commonly referred to as the Age of Reason, or simply, The Enlightenment. This period, spanning from about 1650-1800, is best characterized by rapid political, philosophical, and cultural reform. Many influential and radical thinkers spearheaded the movement, questioning the current societal norms while continuing to stress the importance of employing reason and logic rather than relying on blind faith when making decisions. These thinkers, including the likes of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, advocated for a shift in power away from the church and state, and are responsible for the subsequent decline in the influence of the two over-controlling entities. Focusing specifically on the
Enlightenment The enlightenment was the growth of European thought in the 1600’s. The spread of enlightenment was a result of the Scientific Revolution during the 1500’s and 1600’s. It resulted in a need to use reason to enforce human laws. It also came about from a need to solve social, political and economic problems.
The Enlightenment is held to be the source of many modern ideas, such as the primary values of freedom and reason. The views of philosophers such as Voltaire are considered to be the source of many essential changes in countries such as America and France. His views on religion, government, and freedom are what people remember most because they have not died out in today’s society.
Starbucks is a company in which purchases and roasts high quality whole bean coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee-related accessories and equipment (starbucks.com). During my environmental scan in which took place at the Starbucks on the corner of Fair and Newport across the street from vanguard, I noticed many things in which where never brought to my attention in prior stays and visits at Starbucks; such as the many social groups in which choose to have their meetings at Starbucks. Thus in this essay we will discuss things in which many people do not really notice when going to Starbucks.
The Enlightenment was a period in European culture and thought characterized as the “Age of Reason” and marked by very significant revolutions in the fields of philosophy, science, politics, and society (Bristow; The Age of Enlightenment). Roughly covering the mid 17th century throughout the 18th century, the period was actually fueled by an intellectual movement of the same name to which many thinkers subscribed to during the 1700s and 1800s. The Enlightenment's influences on Western society, as reflected in the arts, were in accordance with its major themes of rationalism, empiricism, natural rights and natural law or their implications of freedom and social justice.
Invented in two separate parts of the world, wine and spirits have their differences, but are also intertwined throughout history, and are seen on shelves next to each other today. Both were influential drinks in their origin, as well as around the world. Wine and spirits influenced their peoples’ way of life in ways such as socially, religiously, and economically. First and foremost, wine and spirits are underlying figures in how they shaped their respective cultures. The history of wine traces back to King Ashurnaspiral of Assyria around 870 BCE.
Americans are obsessed with a lot of things: our smart phones, celebrities, and finding a good bargain. But perhaps the thing we’re most obsessed with is good ol’ coffee. For many of us, our mornings are perfectly diabolical without at least a cup or two or three of the stuff. And, come 2 o’clock, when we know in our heart and bones we’ll never make it ‘til five and we need that pick me up, many of us head to the nearest deli or barista to grab a cup of “second wind.”
In countless homes and numerous cultures, drinking morning coffee is a staple routine. One can drink it alone at home, in a car en route to work or school, or stop at a coffee shop or café and enjoy it among other people. In developing my routine this year, I chose the latter practice. Every morning I arrive at a local coffee shop, smell the same aromas, order the same drink, sit in the same chair, and observe the same people who continue their morning customs as well. For several months now, my mornings have consisted of this, and every morning, I would mainly observe one person; an old man who has become somewhat of a fixture at this coffee shop and who has not changed his routine as far as I have witnessed. He is already there when I arrive every morning, sitting alone at the small table for two in the corner by the window, drinking his small cup of black coffee, and reading the newspaper. He is on a first-name basis with the workers and owner, and often chats with some of the other regulars. After months of polite smiles, quiet “good mornings”, and creating a background of this old man in my own mind, I finally get the courage to approach him. I start the conversation with him about our similar morning routine, and it gradually develops into a soft and informal interview.
It appears that coffee was discovered in the ninth century after a goatherd named Kaldi found the berries that his sheep were eating made his sheep and then himself unusually energetic. The stimulating berries after being roasted and brewed eventually evolved into coffee as a hot drink and became popular throughout Arabia, Turkey and Europe by the seventeenth century. (Thomson, 2006). In 1901, the first successful technique for manufacturing a stable powered product was invented by Sartori Kato, a Japanese chemist living in America. Kato received a patent for his invention and the instant coffee history was made. He then set up his own coffee company named Kato Coffee Company in Chicago (Stefanie, n.d.).
6. When water is distilled, it does not vaporize all at once when the boiling point is reached. When some water molecules evaporate, the kinetic energy of the remaining liquid goes down and the temperature drops slightly. As a result, the rest of the water needs to be heated again before more molecules of water evaporate. A constant source of heat is needed.