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Ethical dilemma within the criminal justice system
African Americans and discrimination in the justice system
Ethical dilemma within the criminal justice system
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Discrimination is all over the world and it's been a very serious problem in society. We judge each other daily because of their gender, ethnicity, religion, age, and the way a person behaves. Discrimination is the “unequal treatment provided to one or more parties based on a mutual accord or some other logical or illogical reason” (Merriam-Webster). In the modern world of the United State of America the topic of discrimination in the Justice system is debatable because there is considerable evidence confirming both individual and systemic biases. The United States has an extended history of discrimination in several aspects of life, including employment, public accommodations and education. Nowadays there are extremely biased individuals and do not like to accept people of different ethnicity. This paper focuses on the discrimination and it history. History Discrimination Discrimination has been around for decades. Many would agree that discrimination built on race, gender, religion and ethnicity it is a violation of the value of equality and it morally wrong. “The …show more content…
The event bought up some disputes in the U.S. legal system and race. Stinney was executed 84 days after the killing of the two girls in March 1944. George Stinney lived in Claredon County, South Carolina, was convicted in a one-day trial of first degree murder of two white girls Betty Binnicker (11 years old) and Mary Thames (8 years old) who were riding their bikes close to Stinney house. “After being arrested, Stinney was said to have confessed to the crime. However, there was no written record of his confession apart from notes provided by an investigating deputy, and no transcript of the brief trial. He had been executed by electric chair” (Bever, 2014). Since, his execution, there have been many questions raised about Stinney guilt, his confession, and the trial processing leading to his
Affirmative action, the act of giving preference to an individual for hiring or academic admission based on the race and/or gender of the individual has remained a controversial issue since its inception decades ago. Realizing its past mistake of discriminating against African Americans, women, and other minority groups; the state has legalized and demanded institutions to practice what many has now consider as reverse discrimination. “Victims” of reverse discrimination in college admissions have commonly complained that they were unfairly rejected admission due to their race. They claimed that because colleges wanted to promote diversity, the colleges will often prefer to accept applicants of another race who had significantly lower test scores and merit than the “victims”. In “Discrimination and Disidentification: The Fair-Start Defense of Affirmative Action”, Kenneth Himma responded to these criticisms by proposing to limit affirmative action to actions that negate unfair competitive advantages of white males established by institutions (Himma 277 L. Col.). Himma’s views were quickly challenged by his peers as Lisa Newton stated in “A Fair Defense of a False Start: A Reply to Kenneth Himma” that among other rationales, the Fair-Start Defense based on race and gender is a faulty justification for affirmative action (Newton 146 L. Col.). This paper will also argue that the Fair-Start Defense based on race and gender is a faulty justification for affirmative action because it cannot be fairly applied in the United States of America today. However, affirmative action should still be allowed and reserved for individuals whom the state unfairly discriminates today.
Racial discrimination is a pertinent issue in the United States. Although race relations may seem to have improved over the decades in actuality, it has evolved into a subtler form and now lurks in institutions. Sixty years ago racial discrimination was more overt, but now it has adapted to be more covert. Some argue that these events are isolated and that racism is a thing of the past (Mullainathan). Racial discrimination is negatively affecting the United States by creating a permanent underclass of citizens through institutional racism in business and politics, and creating a cancerous society by rewriting the racist history of America. Funding research into racial discrimination will help society clearly see the negative effects that racism
Discrimination, in one form or another, goes on everyday in the world around us. Discrimination affects all of us whether we are aware of it or not. Discrimination is defined as “unjustified differential treatment, especially on the basis of characteristics such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or religion” (MacKinnon). According to Eugene Lee of California Labor and Employment Law “racial discrimination and racial harassment” are the most popular complaint when it come to discrimination in the United States.
While both race and gender have very real societal and, in some instances, personal consequences which enables both to be categorized as real neither race nor gender is more real than the other. Both of them faced and still face overt and covert discrimination, and both of them are built upon a mountain of logical fallacies that are able to ultimately be reduced down to societal standards and obligations forced upon them by the dominant group. Since they are also both deeply embedded in our culture they have become integrated into our sense of who we, as humans, are and in our perceptions of other people and situations.
In the United States, racial discrimination has a lengthy history, dating back to the biblical period. Racial discrimination is a term used to characterize disruptive or discriminatory behaviors afflicted on a person because of his or her ethnic background. In other words, every t...
In 1944, 14-year old African American, George Stinney, was wrongfully convicted and executed. According to Murderpedia.org, a digital database containing the collective history of notorious murders, the event took place in Alcolu, South Carolina. Stinney remains the youngest person executed in United States history. Stinney was accused of first-degree murder. He was charged with the murder of 11-year old Betty June Binnicker and 8-year old Mary Emma Thames. Stinney was executed by the formal method of execution at the time, the electric chair. The trial concluded in one day. After Stinney was arrested he was not allowed to see his family until after the trial and conviction concluded. Stinney reportedly confessed to the crime according to the investigating deputy, even though a confession statement by George Stinney never existed. In 2013 Stinney’s descended family petitioned for a retrial. On December 17, 2014, George Stinney’s case
While many of us, including me, find some aspects of racial discrimination morally repulsive, we must at the same time recognize that freedom of association should be our overreaching value. Valuing freedom of association does not mean that we are helpless in registering revulsion to various forms of discrimination. There are private social sanctions that can be exercised similar to those exercised when people behave impolitely, use vulgar language, or disrespect elders. But the largest contribution to racial harmony is for us to keep government limited to its legitimate or moral functions; namely, preventing force, fraud, theft and initiation of violence.
Why does racism continue to take place in the United States today? According to the sociology textbook Our Social World, minority groups are ones that differ from the dominant group, which is why they have less power, fewer privileges, and are discriminated against. The textbook also explains how there are numerous ways for dominant and minority groups to interact. Genocide is the killing of the minority group by the dominant group, while pluralism is the complete opposite whereas different ethnic or racial groups accept one another’s beliefs and values, and manage to respect each other. Multiple strategies to cope with prejudice, discrimination, and racism are used by minority groups to deal with their statuses: passing (blending in with dominant groups), acceptance, avoidance, and aggression. In America, racism against minority groups has improved, but is nowhere near ending. To determine people’s opinions on racism and why it exists, I
Discrimination has always been there between blacks and whites. Since the 1800s where racial issues and differences started flourishing till today, we can still find people of different colors treated unequally. “[R]acial differences are more in the mind than in the genes. Thus we conclude superiority and inferiority associated with racial differences are often socially constructed to satisfy the socio-political agenda of the dominant group”(Heewon Chang,Timothy Dodd;2001;1).
Discrimination is not a new concept in American society. As defined by Oxford Dictionary (2001: 127), discrimination is “treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, religion, etc” So that, people under these unequal treatments will be classified professedly from others and considered as divergent. Eckhard Feidler, Reimer Jansen and Mil Norman-Risch (1998) also stated in their book America in Close-up that: “Discrimination has kept many Americans from sharing equal protections and prospects in American society.” Discriminated people are usually restricted, eliminated that they don’t have the equality, opportunities as the others. At the same point of view, Smedley (2014) said that segregated experience of people in lower class may consist of daily insults, act and expressions of disrespect and contempt. With the consistency from three opinions of different authors as above, clearly, the idea of discrimination
Defining discrimination is not an easy task. Choosing between the competing definitions of discriminations has not only been theoretical implications, but also practical implications, because the definition concludes the scope of observed inquiry and appropriate methods for identification and study of the phenomenon. Reason for that is because discrimination is typically considered something hostile to norms of fair and equal treatment in a democratic market society, there are also significant normative implications to defining discrimination. Most definitions of discrimination knot around 2 related yet distinguishable means of defining the phenomenon: intentional discrimination and dissimilar impact. Pager and Shepherd 2008 and Blank, et al.
Introduction- Discrimination affects people all over the world. People of all ethnicities and from all different walks of life are influenced in some way by workplace discrimination. "Discrimination" means unequal treatment. One of the most common elements discriminated against is a persons ethnicity, or their race. This is called Racial Discrimination. While there are many federal laws concerning discrimination, most states have enacted laws that prohibit it. These laws may have different remedies than the federal laws and may, in certain circumstances be more favorable than the federal laws.
Prejudice and discrimination have both been prevalent throughout human history. Prejudice deals with the inflexible and irrational attitudes and opinions that are held by others of one group against those of another. Discrimination on the other hand refers to the behaviors directed against another group. Prejudiced individuals have preconceived beliefs about groups of people or cultural practices. There are both positive and negative forms of prejudice, however, the negative form of prejudice leads to discrimination. Individuals that practice discrimination do so to protect opportunities for themselves, by denying access to those whom they believe do not deserve the same treatment as everyone else. An example of discrimination based on prejudice involves the Jews. “Biased sentiments and negative stereotypes of Jews have been a part of Western tradition for centuries and, in fact, have been stronger and more vicious in Europe than in the United States. For nearly two millennia, European Jews have been chastised and persecuted as the “killers of Christ” and stereotyped as materialistic moneylenders and crafty business owners (Healey, p.65). The prejudice against these groups led to the discrimination against them.
The event bought up some disputes in the U.S. legal system and race. Stinney was executed 84 days after the killing of the two girls in March 1944. George Stinney lived in Claredon County, South Carolina, was convicted in a one-day trial of first degree murder of two white girls who were riding their bikes close to Stinney house. The two little girls were Betty Binnicker, 11 years old and Mary Emma Thames 8 years old. “After being arrested, Stinney was said to have confessed to the crime. However, there was no written record of his confession apart from notes provided by an investigating deputy, and no transcript of the brief trial. He had been executed by electric chair” (Bever, 2014). Since, his execution, there have been many questions raised about Stinney guilt, his confession, and the trial processing leading to his
Gender discrimination has been happening for a very long period of time throughout history. Although it has improved throughout the years, many people are still being discriminated due to their gender. Sex or gender discrimination is defined as “individuals treated differently in their employment specifically because an individual is a woman or man” (“Sex/Gender Discrimination”). Many gender discriminations happen at work places and deal with salaries, work positions, and being hired or promoted. Sex discrimination come in many different forms such as sexual harassment, pregnancy discrimination, work situations, and employment policies (“Sex Based”). According to statistics provided by the Nation Bureau of Economic Research and the Institute