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Education is the way to success
Policies for inclusive education
Policies and legislations promoting inclusive education
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Two main commonwealth acts currently support the right to inclusive education within Australia. The Disability Discrimination Act (Australian Government, 1992) ensures that all states are legally required to educate all children with a disability. Similarly the Disability Standards for Education 2005 (DEEWR, 2005), clarify that educational and training facilities must seek to ensure that all students with a disability can access and participate in education the same as their peers.
Research conducted by the United States Department of Education (n.d.) shows that when all students are given the opportunity to learn together all students have the ability to form life-long social and cognitive skills that allow them to achieve within the educational
The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination based upon their disability (Bennett-Alexander, 2001). The protection extends to discrimination in a broad range of activities, including public services, public accommodations and employment. The ADA's ban against disability discrimination applies to both private and public employers in the United States.
It is essential that all students have access to a quality education and an inclusive education system should meet their diverse needs. The Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development [DEECD] (2014) stipulates that education providers must make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to support students with disabilities to comply with the standard. Graduate teachers should also demonstrate an understanding of legislative requirements and be able to identify teaching strategies that support the involvement and learning of students with disabilities (AITSL, 2014). They should understand the importance of focusing on what a student with a disability can do and work with the student’s strengths. A graduate teacher should know what resources, agencies and assistive technologies are available to support the learning needs of a student with a disability.
UK Centre for Legal Education (UKCLE). (2010). SENDA: Special Education Needs and Disability Act 2001 [Online]. York: The Higher Education Academy. [Accessed: 17/11/13]. [Available: http://ww.ukcle.ac.uk/resources/directions/previous/issue4/senda/].
All three countries acknowledge the need for inclusion and have laws and regulations in place in order to ensure that disabled students receive an equal education. In Italy, in 1977, Italian National Law 517 outlined specific guidelines for including students with disabilities in general education classrooms (Gabel & Danforth, 2008, p. 42). In the United States, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 stipulated that eligibility for services and placement would be made on the basis of the clinical evaluation of the disabled student (Powell, 2012, p. 42). In New Zealand, children in compulsory education in New Zealand have their rights to inclusion protected by the Education Act (1989), which gives children the right to be educated in their neighborhood school, and this right is further protected under the Human Rights Act (1993) (Powell, 2012, p.
"The Americans With Disabilities Act is one of the most significant laws in American History. The preamble to the law states that it covers 43,000,000 Americans."(Frierson, p.3) Before the Americans With Disabilities Act(A.D.A.) was passed, employers were able to deny employment to a disabled worker, simply because he or she was disabled. With no other reason other than the persons physical disability were they turned away or released from a job. The Americans With Disabilities Act prevented this type of discrimination by establishing rules and regulations designed to protect persons with physical disabilities. With a workforce made up of 43,000,000 people, it is impossible to ignore the impact of these people. The Americans With Disabilities Act not only opened the door for millions of Americans to get back into the workplace, it is paving the road for new facilities in the workplace, new training programs and creating jobs designed for a disabled society.
These children were now being seen as a group in which society had obligations to provide “normalisation” (Bowe, 2007, p.45) and would lead to a revolutionary law being introduced in America. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed in 1975, of which Australia became a signatory. (AIHW, 2004). This Act mandated “that all school-age children with disabilities must receive a free appropriate public education” (Bowe, 2007, p. 101) “in the least restrictive environment” (Bowe, 2007, p. 5). For the first time in a century, Australia no longer segregated these children into an isolated “special facility” (Allen & Cowdery, 2012, p. 8). State governments established special education units within mainstream schools (AIHW, 2004). This is referred to as Integrated education and is described by Talay-Ongan & Cooke (2005), as an environment “where children with similar disabilities in special classes share the normal school environment, and utilise some classes (e.g., art or physical education) or the playground that all children enjoy.” In 1992, the Disability Discrimination Act was introduced in Australia which specifically covered the topic of Education and in 2005 a set of supplementary standards was passed which specifies the support schools are required to provide to students with a
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is one of the most significant laws in American History. Before the ADA was passed, employers were able to deny employment to a disabled worker, simply because he or she was disabled. With no other reason other than the person's physical disability, they were turned away or released from a job. The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion. The act guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications. The ADA not only opened the door for millions of Americans to get back into the workplace, it paved the road for new facilities in the workplace, new training programs, and created jobs designed for a disabled society (Frierson, 1990). This paper will discuss disabilities covered by the ADA, reasonable accommodations employers must take to accommodate individuals with disabilities, and the actions employers can take when considering applicants who have disabilities.
The main obstacle faced by students with disabilities in the attempt to achieve educational equality is the continuing debate over the In...
Through the development of Inclusive Education it is possible that children grow up to be more accepting of differences, where once the notion of something “different” and “separate” could cause caution, fear and ridicule. There are multiple policies and processes present within our society supporting inclusivity and the right every child regardless of their special needs or difficult circumstances has to an education. The Salamanca Statement developed world wide in 1994 states every child’s right to an education. In support of this policy the Commonwealth Disability Discrimination Act (1992) sets disability standards in our education system and the Melbourne Declaration (2008) further attempts to promote equity and excellence within our schools.
The emphasis on social interaction influencing cognitive development impacts on how students are taught. Class room environments need to allow social interaction as a key part of learning activities. This social interaction permits students to learn from both the teacher and their peers through collaborative activities. Teachers that encourage discussion will lead students to think critically and this will assist in providing meaning to new information. (Powell & Kalina, 2009 p245)
I believe it is important that at the start of the new school year the teacher sets up a collegial classroom to maximise learning outcomes. In my classroom I want children to engage with the lessons, I want them to feel happy and therefore, want to be in my class. I want students to see the learning as relevant and have the opportunity to reflect and evaluate their work so they can extend themselves further. I want to teach students to take responsibility for their behaviour and teach them to use self-control, and self management skills through being a lead manager (Blance, 2010). I believe it is important to have a major focus on social learning outcomes and give students the opportunity to gain skills to get along together. Ways I will try and attain these goals are extended upon in the following paragraphs.
According to the World Health Organisation (2011), there are more than 1 billion people with disabilities in the world, with this number rising. Many of these people will be excluded from the regular situations we, ‘the ordinary’, experience in everyday life. One of these experiences is our right to education. Article 42 of the Irish Constitution states that the state shall provide for free primary education until the age of 18, but is this the right to the right education? Why should being born with a disability, something which is completely out of your control, automatically limit your chances of success and cut you off from the rest of society due to being deemed ‘weaker’ by people who have probably never met you? With approximately 15% of the world’s population having disabilities, how come society is unable to fully accept people with disabilities? In order to break this notion, we must begin with inclusion.
The socializing among learners is not at its optimum is most schools. Schools are known as environments for socializing process for learners. It is a place where knowledge, culture, opinions, skills are exchanged and learnt. Teachers can start by involving learners by creating group work and activities so learners can interact with one
In Australia, teachers must be familiar with the many federal and state laws, regulations, and frameworks, which apply to inclusive education. At a national level, the following Acts and Standards protect students: the Commonwealth (Cwlth) Anti-Discrimination Act 2004; Cwlth Disability Discrimination Act 1992; Racial Discrimination Act 1975; Cwlth Sex Discrimination Act 1984; Human Rights Commission Act 1986; Australia’s ratific...
Students with disabilities are far too frequently isolated and separated from the education system (Johnson). They are often provided a diluted, inferior education and denied meaningful opportunities to learn. There are many education rights for children with disabilities to protect them from discrimination, giving them a chance for equal opportunity to learn what other students are expected to learn.... ... middle of paper ... ...