Data collection
Four sites were sampled from the Priest River Experimental Forest in Idaho. Sample plot locations were specifically chosen to compare different areas. At each site, each group used a GPS to navigate to a specific destination for further observational studies. The elevation in meters was then recorded from the GPS. The range of the observational study was made within a circular plot with a radius of 18 meters and approximately 0.1 hectares. Two meter tapes were set perpendicular to one another so that the diameter of the circular plot extended to 36 meters. Within these plots, all trees that are over 10 cm in diameter are identified and measured. Calipers and DBH tapes were used to measure these diameters. A BAF 10 prism
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This was done by imagining four dots in a grid and counting up how many dots were covered out of a total of 96. 1.04 was multiplied to each total of covered dots. An average of the densitometer counts in both transects were calculated to provide the percent canopy in that region. The percentage of the slope was measured with a clinometer. We were to face the downhill direction and record the number that corresponds to that specific slope. An aspect was then taken at that point, which would note for the direction of the slope. An additional 15 degrees was added to include any uncertainties. That value was then converted to randians and consined. The number of canopies was observed by starting from the forest floor, to the herbaceous layer, to the understory mid canopy layer, to the overstory canopy layer, and to the emergent layer, if there was any. From the data received from our particular sites, there were no emergents. The stem density was also measured by adding up all the trees observed in the circular plot and was multiplied by 10 to measure the stems per hectares. Basal area was calculated by converting the tree diameters into area (m2), which were all added and multiplied by 10. This was the same way Basal
These are very difficult questions for me personally to answer because I live in the Pacific Northwest, and I have seen the beauty of the old growth forests first-hand.
Depending on the biomes, rainfall and soil can vary. However, the rainfall is typically ranges from 30 cm to 200 cm. In mountainous regions and forest biomes, there would be plenty of rainfall. While in the grasslands, there’s little rainfall. In the temperate zone, there are two main types of trees, coniferous and deciduous. The deciduous trees, in the South, drop their leaves in the winter. Generally, the trees are usually small in height unless in the forest areas. The forests tend to have wide leaves and tall, large trees. The soil in deciduous forests is found to be very fertile. The different amount of rainfall in the forest areas and the grasslands cause the difference between the trees and plant height. The rainfall in forest regions can lead them to be very common with the rainforests. Furthermore, the changes and variation of weather could be the reason as to why the forests shed or don’t shed their leaves. The leaves show a correlation between the fair amount of sunlight during the summer causing the leaves
The plants growing among Montana’s peaks and valleys range from tall evergreen trees to grasses. The mountainous areas are covered with forests. However, at each level, from the mountaintops to the valleys, there are different, distinct collections of plant life. The mountainsides are largely covered with towering spruce, pine, cedar, and Douglas fir trees (Av2
Miguel: When you're inside the boundaries of the biome some of the trees and plants that could be found are the Balsam fir, Douglas-firs, the Eastern Red Cedar, Jack Pine, and Birch Tree's. All firs and hemlocks are thick and have waxy needles that prevent water from evaporation. The Balsam Fir is a small medium sized tree that could grow up to 40 to 80 feet tall. The Douglas-firs tree is a little smaller than the Balsam Fir. The Douglas-firs tree grows up to 40 to 60 feet tall and 15 to 25 feet wide. The Easter Red Cedar is a small tree that grows to be 10 to 50 feet long. The Jack pine grows up to be 27 meters tall. Birch trees can grow in pairs or clusters. Paper birch can grow anywhere from sixty to eighty feet high.
The local North Texas nature reserve where this experiment was conducted is the Arbor Hills Nature Preserve, a 200-acre park. There are three ecoregions within this reserve: Blackland Prairie, Riparian Forest, and Upland Forest. The experiment will be conducted in the area of the park that is classified as Blackland Prairie. The prairie areas are currently in restoration by methods of seeding, mowing, and controlled burning. This is the same ecoregion familiar to the early settlers of the area.
Almost every year a hurricane blast through Florida and takes its toll on the business, industry and affects the lives and dollars of the company and its workers. One can ask themselves, "How do we prevent this from happening again?" This is usually what businesses and persons affected by a hurricane ask each other. What about a hospital? How would a hospital prepare for a hurricane? To complicate things more, how would a hospital prepare for a hurricane if the hospital is to operate 24 hours a day? This is the question that Pierre, Keith, Carol, Getta and James have proposed.
Three major descriptive statistics calculations were done. Firstly, the basal area increment (BAI) was found for tree growth, the ratio of N15 to N14, 15N was calculated, and the %MDN of the samples was found.
Identify articles (published since 2010) with an observational design (due 3/29). Article must have a “nutrition” variable as the independent variable and “health” as a dependent variable.
Pinus strobiformus (Southwestern White Pine) is listed as an indicator species in several publications by the US Department of Agriculture. The seeds of the southwestern white pine are eaten by small mammals and birds and is often found in mixed-conifer forests which provides valuable summer habitat for big and small game animals, rodents, and birds (Diem, 1980). Because natural regeneration of clear cut mixed-conifer forests on south-facing slopes requires 50-100 years, these clear cut areas can be a valuable long-term forage resource for deer and elk (Thill, 1983). Some of these forests also provide habitat for sensitive and threatened species such as the Mexican spotted owl, northern goshawk, and Sacramento Mountain salamander (Pavek, 1993).
Once the student-athletes were deemed eligible for this study, the in-season GPA was analyzed accordingly. Using the list of eligible student-athletes (see table 1 above), the list of quarterly GPA’s for each of the student-athletes (see table 2) were matched up with the athletic seasons in which each student-athlete did not participate in. For example, if a student-athlete did not participate in football and basketball, but did participate in baseball, the 1st and 2nd quarter GPA’s would be considered out-of-season GPA’s, and the 3rd and 4th quarter GPA’s would be considered in-season. Once the quarterly GPA’s were identified as out-of-season GPA’s, the average was calculated and that value was considered the out-of-season GPA for that particular student-athlete. This process was repeated for each student-athlete in this study.
Tropical rainforests which is located between tropic of Capricorn and tropic of Cancer covered 12% of land surface few thousand years ago. However, today they o...
The first lab consisted of pulling a wooden block with a spring scale at a steady rate across four different surfaces. The surfaces were wax paper, paper towel, fine sandpaper, and coarse sandpaper. We had to pull the block across each of these surfaces to determine how much force we need to defeat friction. When I pulled the block over the wax paper, it moved with a small amount of force. Paper towel was also in the low range of force. However, with the fine and coarse sandpaper, much more force was required to move the block along. Therefore, the surface that had the lowest amount of friction was the wax paper, and the surface that had the largest amount of friction was the coarse sandpaper.
Observational learning is a type of learning that is done by observing the actions of others. It describes the process of learning by watching others, retaining what was learned, and
The clarity and applicability of the study findings rely heavily on a researcher’s ability to effectively identify, code and categorize themes and patterns unearthed in the data acquired. As a result, it is of the utmost importance to ensure that a researcher’s analytical skills be strong. Researchers must document and report all analytic processes wholly and honestly so that the findings can be evaluated for credibility or replicated in the future by other scholars. In order to analyze the vast amount of qualitative data generated from the interviews, grounded theory will be employed to analyze the textual data. According to Bhattacharjee (2012), grounded theory is “an inductive technique of interpreting recorded data about a social phenomenon to build
An observational study was conducted with five subjects including myself, in order to understand the relation between the usage of old media and new media simultaneously. Old media is known as any source that entails the usage of television, books, newspaper, and radio among several other examples. New media on the other hand, is related to the use of cellphones, computers with access to social networks, and it is an evolving word along with the technology involved with it. This observational study was conducted in passive observation because not all subjects were approachable for permission and debriefing of the experiment. Therefore, this short paper will discuss the similarities, differences, and significance of the behaviours observed.