Cultural Safety in Clinical Practice

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In the perspective of cultural safety, culture is broadly defined to include ethnicity, customs, tradition, beliefs and values as well as socioeconomic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, religious and spiritual beliefs, ethnic/immigration status, values and disabilities (NCNZ, 2011). Culture is about ways of doing things and it can be learned and changed (Jarvis, 2012). Ethnicity on the other hand a is a form of identification or belonging to a social group bonded by common history and cultural tradition hence, people of the same ethnicity may share a common language, religion, food, dress, and have a common sense of identity. (Brown & Edwards, 2012). New Zealand (NZ) is a multi-cultural society composed of peoples from various ethnicities. NZ population is composed of 74% European; 15% Maori; 12% Asian, 7% Pacific peoples, and 1% Middle Eastern / Latin American / African. Aside from the English language (96%), the other common languages used in NZ are te reo Maori (3.7%), Samoan (2.2%), Hindi (1.7%), Chinese (1.3%) and French (1.2%). Almost 42% of New Zealanders does not have religion and the largest Christian denominations are the Catholics, Anglicans and Presbyterians (SNZ, 2014). This means that nurses in New Zealand are now interacting with different types of people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
In the clinical setting, nurses are believed to spend the most time with patients. This involves regularly dealing with people coming from different ethnicities and with different cultural practices and beliefs (Brown & Edwards, 2012). Given this cultural diversity, every patient may have his/her own cultural beliefs and practices regarding his/her own health and its treatment which can be similar or different to those ...

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...nternational Journal for Quality in Health Care, 8(5), 491-497. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/8.5.491
Polaschek. (1998). Cultural safety: a new concept in nursing people of different ethnicities. [Article]. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(3), 452-457. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00547.x
Robinson, K., Kearns, R., & Dyck, I. (1996). Cultural safety, biculturalism and nursing education in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Health & Social Care in the Community, 4(6), 371-380. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.1996.tb00084.x
Rochford, T. (2004). Whare Tapa Wha: A Mäori model of a unified theory of health. Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(1), 41-57. doi: 10.1023/B:JOPP.0000039938.39574.9e
SNZ. (2014, 15 April 2014). 2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity Retrieved April 23, 2014, from http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity.aspx

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