Introduction Computer Graphics is the bond between humans and computers. Computer graphics is a large field that branches into almost all fields of computer science; however its roots are young. Computer graphics has massively grown over the past 40 years and is now our primary means of communication with computer applications. Do to technological limitations in the 1950s, computer graphics began as a small, specialized field. The Whirlwind project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is marked as the origin of computer graphics (Machover 14). The Whirlwind computer had a video display that was controlled interactively by a light gun. The display attracted users much more than computer code. The Whirlwind computer became the basis for SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment), a defense command-and-control system developed for the Air force. In the 1960s Ivan Sutherland’s MIT doctoral thesis introduced a Sketchpad interactive drawing system, which established the theoretical groundwork for computer graphics software (Machover 14). In the mid-1960s, computer graphics was booming in private industry. General Motors had released DAC-1 a computer-aided design system, and Itek developed the Digigraphics electronic drafting machine. By the late 1960s the first storage-tube display terminals appeared, shortly followed by direct-view storage tube display terminals (DVST) which cost thousands of dollars; however this was an improvement to the tens to hundreds of thousands spent initially for display systems. In the 1970s Turnkey systems emerged, beforehand users had to develop software to make their hardware work however turnkey systems provided a haven to users from software issues. Bit-mapped raster displays developed as memory... ... middle of paper ... ...28V: Recent Advances in Computer Graphics, Spring 2005. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. /cmsc828v/papers/p335-pfister.pdf>. Rogers, David F. "Preface." An Introduction to NURBS: with Historical Perspective. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2001. Google Books. Google. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. . Sims, Karl. "Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics25.4 (1991): 319-28. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. Wei, X., Chai, J. 2010. VideoMocap: Modeling Physically Realistic Human Motion from Monocular Video Sequences. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4, Article 42 (July 2010), 10 pages. DOI = 10.1145/1778765.1778779 Web. 5 Apr. 2011.
When people hear the word 'Animation' the first thing that may come to mind would be cartoon. Although this is partially the correct answer, what many people don't realize is that without animation's history many things we take for granted today would not exist. A lot of the inventions and innovations in the industry of animation would have prevented the film, gaming, graphics, and even the computer industry to almost being non-existent. The story of animation is far from their famous kid-friendly fairy tales and colorful worlds, in fact many animated films and short films are too dark or sexual for children to even view. From Mainstream to Avant-Garde, the story is filled with hundreds of companies across the world rising and falling from fame, animators and film directors working years on films then destroying them in their downfall. It may be a bit surprising to find out that this massive and intricate story started over 29 years before Disney was even born.
The subject of this term paper will be about computers in the 1950’s. The divisions that will be covered are; the types of computers there were, the memory capacity of computers, the programming languages of that time, and the uses of the computers for that time. Information will be gathered from the Internet, from books, and from magazines, and from the encyclopedia.
The construction works on a completely new computer model began in 1979. This time Apple was supposed to create a machine which did not need high computer skills to be operated with. The operation of the computer was based on graphic interface using a mouse to navigate it.
to replace the IBM machine. In the 1960s and the 1970s IBM came out quickly and built a
According to a poll question that was conducted in 2012 by graphicdesign.com, about 93% of Graphic Designers agreed to the statement that the Graphic Design industry is in bad shape and do not know where the discipline is headed. The root of Graphic Design is communication of an idea through art or graphics. And it has been in human history for the longest time, from cave drawings to hieroglyphs and from physical prints to the digital media. It has become a well-established industry but many of those who have been working as graphic designers for years see that it is heading nowhere, and that it has sustainability issues. But because the industry is adaptable, has economic advantages and because there is a great need of appealing and enticing art that communicates, the Graphic Design industry will develop, prosper and stand out of other creative industries since adaptable, economically advantageous and essential industries that offers a service that no other will, will develop, succeed and stand out.
in today's society and is important to have in life. Graphic design is used in media, the
Computer Generated Images, or CGI, is a form of Computer Graphics design, and animations, that make a image look 3D. These images are shown all throughout the media world, industry, and business, such as print media, tv, movies, pictures, commercials, etc. CGI’s have improved rapidly on software that helps our world improve on computer generated imaging. CGI software’s is used to make graphical design for purposes like movies in the theater. CGI companies and software’s, has made the technology age, and its computer has increase in speeds, and has allowed computer graphics programmers, and other companies, to make better quality films, games, and electronic digital photos on their CPU’s, or laptops. Because of the new advancement in software technology in CGI, and graphics designing, it has brought new internet religious cultures, its own new experiences, such as celebrities, and newer technological vocabulary. Technology advancement has increased so much that CGI’s has lead to the new beginning or era of virtual cinema photography.
Animation is a visual technique that creates the illusion of motion, rather than recording motion through live action. The technique is used mainly for motion pictures. Animation can be created by illustrators, filmmakers, video makers, and computer specialists. Animation is most popular in creating cartoon movies. Advertisers also employ animation to develop commercials for television. In addition, producers of instructional films may use animation to help explain a difficult idea or one that could not be shown in live action. Animation can also be combined with live action in a movie. Many animators continue to make many drawings by hand. Since the mid-1980's, however, computer assistance combined with hand-drawn animation has become standard in many movie studios. These methods created such feature-length animated films as The Lion King (1994) and The Prince of Egypt (1998).
Douglas Engelbart, who was an electrical engineer and former naval radar technician, saw computers as more than number crunchers. “He knew from his days as a radar technician that screens could be used to display digital data, and therefore assumed it was possible to use a screen to display output from a computer (Mitchell).” It was a good ten years before Engelbart had the resources to build the devices that he had been thinking of for so long. Then invention that he knew would change the way computer w...
This machine could do math, display graphics at the drop of a dime, and play two dimensional games (whic was all that was around back then). This wasn't something that you normally saw. This was something that seemed to come straight out of a science fiction film. At least that was what I thought.
When one thinks about the cartoons of the past, like TigerSharks, ThunderCats, and G.I. Joe, one will remember the rich story lines, the wild character profiles, and the inspiring battle cries of "Yo Joe" and "Thunder, Thunder, ThunderCats, Ho!!" With technology changing every day, a new form of animation has arisen. This new form is called "Japanimation" or "Anime." It is slowly becoming a part of this culture just as much as hamburgers and pizza. It still has a long way to go, but it is slowly creeping into the American genre of animation.
The fist computer, known as the abacus, was made of wood and parallel wires on which beads were strung. Arithmetic operations were performed when the beads were moved along the wire according to “programming” rules that had to be memorized by the user (Soma, 14). The second earliest computer, invented by Blaise Pascal in 1694, was a “digital calculating machine.” Pascal designed this first known digital computer to help his father, who was a tax collector. Pascal’s computer could only add numbers, and they had to be entered by turning dials (Soma, 32). It required a manual process like its ancestor, the abacus. Automation was introduced in the early 1800’s by a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage. He created an automatic calculation machine that was steam powered and stored up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Unlike its two earliest ancestors, Babbage’s invention was able to perform various operations. It relied on cards with holes punched in them, which are called “punch cards.” These cards carried out the programming and storing operations for the machine. Unluckily, Babbage’s creation flopped due to the lack of mechanical precision and the lack of demand for the product (Soma, 46). The machine could not operate efficiently because technology was t adequate to make the machine operate efficiently Computer interest dwindled for many years, and it wasn’t until the mid-1800’s that people became interested in them once again.
As I have been using some of the graphics software program such as Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop CS6 their lots of innovation and creation to play around and I have used...
Modern society heavily depends on the abilities of computers, Information Technology, and information processing. As such, since access to information occurs mainly through digital means and media, the way information is arranged and presented on the screen is crucial. Because of this need for fast access and easy arrangement arose, in the early 1980s, companies started to work on various graphical user interfaces (or GUI for short). Most dictionaries define a GUI as ‘a way of arranging information on a computer screen that is easy to understand and use because it uses icons, menus and a mouse rather than only text.’ Introducing such software allowed a human-computer interaction on a visual plane, and took computing to an entirely new level of experience. The first GUI started to emerge, as stated above, in the early 1980s, and within the last 3 decades have completely dominated the way in which human-computer communication occurs. Although some sources argue about it, it is acknowledged that the first company to use a proper graphical user interface was Apple. In 1984 they released the Macintosh computer, which used a graphical system to present information on the screen using boxes and taskbars, and utilized a revolutionary pointer device, now widely known as the mouse. Following this event, other companies started releasing their versions of GUI based operating systems, until in 1995 Microsoft presented Windows 95, which soon became a dominant power on the market, and along with its later installments, led Microsoft to be the IT giant of the 20th century. Since its appearance, the GUI have greatly influenced the IT-centered society, and the role computing and digital devices play in its growth.
The Role of Computer Generated Imagery in the Film Industry Computer Generated Imagery is the special effects used in motion pictures to create a visual depiction of an illusion that can not be easily created in real life. Directors of major motion pictures have been using these technologies since the early days of the personal computer. Early on, when and special effects were in their beginning stages, it was difficult to make efficient and effective effects that are well accepted by the movie critics and the general public. An evolution of special effects and the introduction of computerized animation brought the standards for movie effects to a higher level. The development of new methods of Computer Generated Imagery for less money and more effective than in the past has allowed even fairly low budget movies to incorporate such technology.