Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Essays on symbolism in literature
Significance of symbolism in literature
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Essays on symbolism in literature
Enduring a breakup with his girlfriend, Roman poet Catullus turns to writing ill-mannered poetry about her. ‘42. The Writing Tablets: to the Hendecasyllables’ is Catullus’ poem about his relationship with Lesbia, a pseudonym for his ended love affair, in where he calls her a ‘base adulteress’ and demands back his letters in which he wrote to her. This poem is what I choose to do a creative response to, due to Catullus’ strong themes of justice, anger and his use of visual imagery.
Catullus had written about Lesbia in many of his other poems (appearing in 25 of his 116 surviving poems), however many had a far different tone, of passionate and tender poems to her. Nonetheless, the atmosphere of 42 opposed to his more passionate works, is mocking, overwhelming and vengeful.
…show more content…
42 is written to ‘the Hendecasyllables,’ a line of 11 syllables, which he personifies throughout the piece, talking to them about Lesbia. Using the term hendecasyllables shows both Catullus’ education as well as his ability to use formality for a untraditionally formal subject and word choices.
He talks to the hendecasyllables similarly as if they were an audience. Catullus directly explains the situation to them, offers rhetorical questions and describes what they are going to do to Lesbia.
‘We’ll follow her: ask for them back.’
This is not meant to be taken literally, as more to stimulate a imaginary confrontation between him and Lesbia. Catullus may have implied for the general Roman people to antagonize Lesbia, however with Lesbia being a pseudonym, it would have been hating a mystery woman (unless Lesbia was commonly known from her pseudonym.)
This imaginary confrontation is used to lash out on Lesbia and displays what Catullus wants from her apart from the physical need of his letters.
‘You won’t? O to the mire, the brothel, or if anything can be more ruinous, than
There is no perfect character. Even the strongest character who seems invincible have a flaw. Whether it be a minor flaw or a major flaw. Sometimes, that flaw alone is can contribute towards a happy ending, or in other cases, it can lead to the character’s sorrow. Major character flaws are often seen in tragedies. In “Theseus’s Habitual Letter Entries” is my creative work directly inspired by Theseus by Edith Hamilton. It summarizes Theseus in a satirical way. Instead of illustrating the story from a third person point of view, it takes on a first person point of view by having the story formatted as a diary. The story includes what Theseus is thinking throughout his journey. And his thoughts follow a more contemporary language. This work reveals
For the Greeks, Homer's Odyssey was much more than just an entertaining tale of gods, monsters, and men, it served as cultural paradigm from which every important role and relationship could be defined. This book, much more so than its counter part The Iliad, gives an eclectic view of the Achean's peacetime civilization. Through Odyssey, we gain an understanding of what is proper or improper in relationships between father and son, god and mortal, servant and master, guest and host, and--importantly--man and woman. Women play a vital role in the movement of this narrative. Unlike in The Iliad, where they are chiefly prizes to be won, bereft of identity, the women of Odyssey are unique in their personality, intentions, and relationship towards men. Yet, despite the fact that no two women in this epic are alike, each--through her vices or virtues-- helps to delineate the role of the ideal woman. Below, we will show the importance of Circe, Calypso, Nausicaa, Clytaemestra, and Penelope in terms of the movement of the narrative and in defining social roles for the Ancient Greeks.
For example, when Virgilia, Coriolanus's wife, worries that her husband has been wounded in battle, Volumnia says: “Away, you fool! It more becomes a man than gilt his trophy”(1.3.39-43). Instead of trying to comfort Virgilia, Volumnia shows her joy at the prospect of her son having been gloriously wounded in battle. She suggests that, along with her milk, she infused an equal measure of thirst for blood—for others' and his own blood. The unknown “breasts of Hecuba” speech, along with others like it, is usually read as a reflection of Volumnia’s cruel and uncontrolled attitude toward Coriolanus when he was a little child. He then incorporated into his personality and this formed the basis of his love of violence. And she seems to take enormous pride in what she did with
However, Gawain's journey away from Camelot and back is framed by references, in the first and last stanzas, to the journeys into exile of Aeneas and of Brutus, the legendary founder of Britain, that complicate this apparent opposition. As this paper will argue, this framework complicates the poem's presentation of gender and sexuality. Rather than a clear opposition between, say, marital sexuality and everything else, we find a situation in which potentially adulterous acts and kisses among men are vested with varied--and shifting--values. The poem uses references to the (imagined) British past to complicate any simple reading of the tale it tells in terms of sexual morality or transgression.1
Bisclavret's wife is the perfect example of betrayal and selfishness. As you may recall in the earlier poem, Guigemar, that a partner and lover should be supported, cherished and respected. The author portrays this unity as happy and unbreakable, however, the husband was wrongfully accused of infidelities despite his nobility and reputation. Bisclaveret wife had betrayed him, not because of his infidelities but because she could not handle his change. Whereas in Guigemar, the husband’s insecurities drove the lady to have an affair with another suitor. Had Meriaduc not treated his lady as an object and actually showed affection, the lady would not have had to find it elsewhere. In my belief Meriaduc betrayed his lady by dedicating his time to his reputation and outside life. In order to be able to understand the symbolism, we must analyze the differences and similarities between loyalty and betrayal between poems “Bisclaveret” and “Guigemar”.
While Desdemona is not aware of why Othello is so angry with her, she continues to do the good deed of attempting to get Cassio his job back. Desdemona speaking in front of Othello, explains to her cousin Lodovico “A most unhappy one. I would do much/ T’ atone them, for the love I bear to Cassio”(4,1,219-220). Proving that she cares for Cassio and that him receiving his position back should be up for consideration. Thus, Othello “strikes”(4,1,232) Desdemona thinking she loves Cassio due to her showing friendly affection towards him. This displays Othello allowing his jealousy to suppress his love for Desdemona by hitting her because of his thoughts that she is having an
This soliloquy shows how Iago tries to deceive Othello by asking Cassio about Bianca who is a prostitute crazing about Cassio. Because Othello is too jealous of Cassio, so he will definitely misunderstand that Cassio is talking about Bianca, but Desdemona. Before this, Iago already put a “worm” in Othello’ ears that Desdemona is cheating on him. Although Othello wants to believe Desdemona’s purity and innocence, but Iago keeps faking things between Desdemona and Cassio. Furthermore, Othello never tries to ask Desdemona and Cassio the truth; he only listens to Iago’s words which becomes his fateful weakness. It is easy to tell that in this play; people’s motivations to do bad things are driven by jealousy. Iago jealous of Cassio who chosen by the moor as his lieutenant, so he decides to take revenge on the moor and Cassio. Othello also jealous of Cassio who “wins” Desdemona, so he wants to kill Desdemona and Cassio. Therefore, jealousy is the basically the factor that leads to all the tragedies.
With the curt denouement of Pyramus & Thisbe’s characteristically simple Hellenistic love, Ovid employs the pluperfect verb desierat to quickly erase the fabula of star-crossed sweethearts from the reader’s gaze. Supplanted by an uninterrupted sequence of dactyls from line 167 to the central caesura of 168, which superficially functions to Latinise the oral effect of the narrative. However, Homers famous use of six bounding dactyls to describe Sisyphus’ rock rolling back upon him (Odys.11: 598) might highlight that this effect is not so Latinising after all. Indeed, just as Sisyphus’ rock is bound to him, so do the matrons hold back their voices for Leuconoe’s constructed tale which orsa est. This conflict between Hellenistic and Latin is sharply
Catullus understands that he and Lesbia are not in the best situation regarding their relationship, “Lesbia’s always bad-mouthing me, never stops talking of me.” (Catullus 975). In both of these statements, the reader would believe that Catullus is starting to come to the realization that this relationship can never transpire and is losing hope. However, while the situation may frustrate him, Catullus loves Lesbia unconditionally, “I hate and I love. You wonder, perhaps, why I’d do that? I have no idea. I just feel it. I am crucified” (Catullus
As Livy wrote this narrative as an origin story for the Roman republic hundreds of years later, Lucretia’s rape acts not only within the context of the narrative as a call to action for the oppressed Romans, but also a warning against absolute monarchical power. In Livy’s narrative, the act of subjecting oneself to a monarch is akin to submitting to one’s own sexual assault. Though unprotected in a manner different from Medea, the danger posed to Lucretia and other Roman women by monarchical power leaves them in a similar lack of social protection which ultimately leads to the climaxes of their
For Lavinia, her suffering is not something which is separate and individual but in fact a blight on the family tree – and this extends further, until her rape does not only signify the beginning of the end for her family but also the end of an uninterrupted Roman history. The amputations and brutalities that the Andronicus family experience can therefore be viewed as symbols of political and cultural loss, as well as the inheritance of trauma which embeds itself in the
The author openly exhibits his feelings without the fear of being judged by other people. Catullus proclaims his egotistic desires and lack of faith into the society's morals encouraging Lesbia to follow him on the difficult path of being together opposite to possible disapproval of the community. His message in the poem is not to pay attention to the comments of others so as to live and exist only for each other, because life is too short, and death can always come unexpectedly. It is very surprising to meet such a 21st-century motive within the Ancient Roman Empire because such an idea perfectly applies to current times when old conservative moral ways are disregarded for the sake of personal happiness and satisfaction. According to Richard A. Bauman, author of Women and Politics in Ancient Rome, the poet had an affair with Clodia, a senator's wife, and "She was almost certainly the ‘Lesbia’ who drove Catullus to distraction" (Bauman 69). That is why the author urges his love interest to disregard the opinion of the society. The reason for such a call to live in the moment, now, regardless of what happens is explained by line 6 in which there is mention of "eternal night" and "brief light" thus indicating the author's hopeless view at the afterlife or rather lack thereof. The author utilizes hendecasyllabic meter, which can be characterized as exhibiting plenty of elision of vowels coupled with the presence of numerous liquid consonants. When one reads the poem, it is impossible not to notice that it flows very well without any break-ins in the rhythm. The author also uses the metaphor of the evil eye for her husband willing to stop their union. He proclaims that had he known the amount of love they were experiencing for each other; he would have never managed to harm them (Dyson Hejduk
In the Catulli Carmina, Catullus writes most often to his friends and to his female lover, Lesbia. Not with
If we give ourselves up to a full sympathy with the hero, there is no question that the Oedipus Rex fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the highest degree. But the modern reader, coming to the classic drama not entirely for the purpose of enjoyment, will not always surrender himself to the emotional effect. He is apt to worry about Greek fatalism and the justice of the downfall of Oedipus, and, finding no satisfactory solution for these intellectual difficulties, loses half the pleasure that the drama was intended to produce. Perhaps we trouble ourselves too much concerning the Greek notions of fate in human life. We are inclined to regard them with a lively antiquarian interest, as if they were something remote and peculiar; yet in reality the essential difference between these notions and the more familiar ideas of a later time is so slight that it need not concern the naive and sympathetic reader. After all, the fundamental aim of the poet is not to teach us about these matters. but to construct a tragedy which shall completely fulfill its proper function. Nevertheless, for the student of literature who feels bound to solve the twofold problem, How is the tragedy of Oedipus to be reconciled with a rational conception of life? and How does Oedipus himself comply with the Aristotelian requirements for a tragic hero? there is a simple answer in the ethical teaching of the great philosopher in whose eyes the Oedipus Rex appears to have been well-nigh a perfect tragedy. In other words, let us compare the ideal of the Ethics with the ideal of the Poetics.
The ineffaceable impression which Sophocles makes on us today and his imperishable position in the literature of the world are both due to his character-drawing. If we ask which of the men and women ofGreek tragedy have an independent life in the imagination apart from the stage and from the actual plot in which they appear, we must answer, ‘those created by Sophocles, above all others’ (36).