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Analysis of Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience
Analysis of Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience
Analysis of Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience
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In today's society, laws are what keep society standing. But what happens when these laws are unjust? Do we follow these laws and hope for the best? No we fight and protest against these laws. History has shown us that anytime there are unjust laws or government the people will fight back; just as Martin Luther King Jr advocated for black Americans. Civil Disobedience has happened during women's rights movements and additionally happened during black rights movements. Civil disobedience is a staple of change. To understand the relationship between Henry David Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” and “Speech after Being Convicted of Voting” and the letter, “A Letter from a Birmingham Jail”. Henry David Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience”, speaks about …show more content…
Anthony decided to vote. At the time it was 1872 and women were prohibited from voting; when she voted she was jailed. This was a famous act of civil disobedience that would later lead to women gaining the right to vote and numerous other rights. In the speech “Speech after Being Convicted of Voting” it is argued that women should have the right to vote because of the constitution. She argued that women were people and since they were people should have inalienable rights like men. She also argued that women should have the right to vote because every person in America is supposed to have liberty and freedom. In the speech it is stated “Friends and fellow citizens: I stand before you tonight under indictment for the alleged crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote. It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus doing, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any State to deny. Our democratic-republican government is based on the idea of the natural right of every individual member thereof to a voice and a vote in making and executing the laws.”(Speech After Being Convicted Of Voting). This relates to the Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” because she practiced civil disobedience to protest an unjust law that she did not believe in. It also relates to “Civil Disobedience” because her protest was peaceful and because her protest led to change in American law. Women were allowed to vote because of this act of civil disobedience; that led to many women and men asking for women to have equal
In 1848, David Thoreau addressed and lectured civil disobedience to the Concord Lyceum in response to his jail time related to his protest of slavery and the Mexican War. In his lecture, Thoreau expresses in the beginning “That government is best which governs least,” which sets the topic for the rest of the lecture, and is arguably the overall theme of his speech. He chastises American institutions and policies, attempting to expand his views to others. In addition, he advances his views to his audience by way of urgency, analyzing the misdeeds of the government while stressing the time-critical importance of civil disobedience. Thoreau addresses civil disobedience to apprise the people the need for a civil protest to the unjust laws created
Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, in “Civil Disobedience” and “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” respectively, both conjure a definitive argument on the rights of insubordination during specified epochs of societal injustice. Thoreau, in his enduring contemplation of life and its purpose, insightfully analyzes the conflicting relationship between the government and the people it governs. He considerately evokes the notion that the majority of people are restrained by the government and society from making decisions with consideration of their conscience and that people need to overcome the reign of the government to realize their own ethics and morals. King, in accordance, eloquently and passionately contends the injustice presented in the unfair treatment of and the discriminatory attitude towards Blacks. Even though, Thoreau successfully accentuates his main concerns in his argument, his effectiveness in persuasion—appeals, conclusion, and practical application—pales in comparison to that of King’s.
During the time of Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr., freedom for African-Americans was relative terminology in the fact that one was during slavery and the other during the Civil Rights era. “Civil Disobedience,” written by Thoreau, analyzes the duty and responsibility of citizens to protest and take action against such corrupt laws and other acts of the government. Likewise, King conveys to his “Letter from Birmingham Jail” audience that the laws of the government against blacks are intolerable and that civil disobedience should be used as an instrument of freedom. Both writers display effective usage of the pathos and ethos appeal as means to persuade their audience of their cause and meaning behind their writing, although King proves to be more successful in his execution.
Anthony was a strong leader of the National Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA) . Anthony was arrested in Rochester, New York for voting, claiming that the 14th amendment allowed her to vote. She refused to pay bail and applied for habeas corpus, but her lawyer paid for her to keep the case from Supreme Court, Susan B. Anthony was fined fined $100 (Susan B. Anthony). In 1877, Susan B. Anthony gathered a petition from 26 states with 10,000 signatures, but congress snickered at her. After all of Susan B. Anthony’s hard fighting in 1920 all American women were able to vote with the Nineteenth Amendment, also know as the Susan B. Anthony
In King’s essay, “Letter From Birmingham Jail”, King brilliantly employs the use of several rhetorical strategies that are pivotal in successfully influencing critics of his philosophical views on civil disobedience. King’s eloquent appeal to the logical, emotional, and most notably, moral and spiritual side of his audience, serves to make “Letter From Birmingham Jail” one of the most moving and persuasive literary pieces of the 20th century.
“No radical change on the plane of history is possible without crime,” This quote from Hermann Keyserling is just one of many statements that help describe the meaning and true raw power of Civil Disobedience. Civil disobedience as defined by Merriam Webster is the “refusal to obey governmental demands or commands especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing concessions from the government”. The most promising and understandable of the definitions of Civil Disobedience would be that given to us by Gandhi from India “Compassion in the form of respectful disagreement”. Even the Veterans Fast for Life from here in the United States must agree when saying, “when leaders act contrary to conscience, we must act contrary to leaders.” To understand why civil disobedience is so important in our lives you must first look into your heart and realize that the integrity of mankind has no need of rules.
“Letter from a Birmingham Jail” was written by Martin Luther King Jr. during his time spent in a Birmingham Jail in 1963. It was written in response to an article criticizing his movement. Henry David Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” was written in 1849 and conveyed Thoreau’s opinion on government, slavery, and the Mexican-American War. These two works share many similarities and differences.
In the past in this country, Thoreau wrote an essay on Civil disobedience saying that people make the law and have a right to disobey unjust laws, to try and get those laws changed.
There are times throughout the history of the United States when its citizens have felt the need to revolt against the government. There were such cases during the time of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau, when there was unfair discrimination against the Afro-American community and Americans refusing to pay poll taxes to support the Mexican War. They used civil disobedience to eventually get legislation to stop the injustice brought against them and their nation. Civil disobedience is defined as refusal to obey civil laws or decrees, which usually takes the form of passive resistance. People practicing civil disobedience break a law because they consider the law unjust, and want to call attention to its injustice, hoping to bring about its withdrawal.
The civil and eventually violent disobedience of the thirteen colonies against England resulted in the birth of now one of the most powerful nations in the world. The civil disobedience of those willing to go against the norm allowed for Americans to be able to marry who they chose. It is because of Nelson Mandela getting arrested for what he believed in to allow for south Africa to be free from segregation. Civil disobedience has paved the way for society to become better because at some points society was not based on fairness. It was based on cruel ideologies and those ideologies put laws into affect that were meant to lower certain groups of people. So by breaking those laws it awakens those groups and allows them the motivation to go up against these unfair laws and in doing this allows for these unfair laws to be
Martin Luther King and Henry David Thoreau each write exemplary persuasive essays that depict social injustice and discuss civil disobedience, which is the refusal to comply with the law in order to prove a point. In his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” King speaks to a specific audience: the African Americans, and discusses why he feels they should bring an end to segregation. Thoreau on the other hand, in “Civil Disobedience,” speaks to a broader, non-addressed audience as he largely expresses his feelings towards what he feels is an unjust government. Both essays however, focus on the mutual topics of morality and justice and use these topics to inform and motivate their audience to, at times, defy the government in order to establish the necessary justice.
The ideas of King are very similar to the ideas of Thoreau. Moreover, the “Letter from Birmingham Jail” shows that King, read the writings of many famous people. From these two reasons, King had probably read “Civil Disobedience” as an important document regarding justice and injustice. Therefore, the positions of the two writers are very close, and they cite conscience as a guide to obeying just laws.
“Speech after Being Convicted of Voting in the 1872 Presidential Election”, she discusses women's suffrage and converses over the fact that she had a right to vote and did not violate the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. Anthony’s purpose in writing the speech was to persuade the audience that she did not commit a crime in order to show that women deserve equality. Expressions of fierce diction that Anthony manipulates throughout the text are “whole people”, “union”, and “posterity” (Anthony). She exercises concise and strong diction, which supports her ethos, unites her audience, and shows that she is educated just as well as any man. If she is well educated just like the men in her time, then why do women not have the right to vote and not have equality?
In the year 1873, a speech was given which would change America and women’s rights forever. For one of the first times in history, a woman is the one standing up for political and social issues during the mid-1800’s. Susan B. Anthony was 52 years old when she was fined $100 for casting an illegal ballot during an 1872 presidential election which in turn Anthony refused to pay the fine and fought for the rights of women. Her persistence and eagerness could be heard and felt in the speeches she gave across the country. After her arrest, Anthony gave a speech which was titled "Is it a Crime for a Citizen of the U.S. to Vote?” which approached the inequality that surround the men and women of the United States before 1875. It was time for change and her perseverance came at the right moment. The mutual feeling other women clutched to helped propel her speech and her ideas into action which lead to their being a success in equality and the 19th amendment being added to the Constitution.
In his essay, “Resistance to Civil Government,” often times dubbed, “Civil Disobedience,” Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) argues against abiding to one’s State, in protest to the unjust laws within its government. Among many things, Thoreau was an American author, poet, and philosopher. He was a firm believer in the idea of civil disobedience, the act of refusing to obey certain laws of a government that are felt to be unjust. He opposed the laws regarding slavery, and did not support the Mexican-American war, believing it to be a tactic by the Southerners to spread slavery to the Southwest. To show his lack of support for the American government, he refused to pay his taxes. After spending a night in jail for his tax evasion, he became inspired to write “Civil Disobedience.” In this essay, he discusses the importance of detaching one’s self from the State and the power it holds over its people, by refraining from paying taxes and putting money into the government. The idea of allowing one’s self to be arrested in order to withhold one’s own values, rather than blindly following the mandates of the government, has inspired other civil rights activists throughout history such as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Both these men fought against unjust laws, using non-violent, yet effective, methods of protest. From these three men, we can learn the significance of detaching ourselves from the social norm; and instead, fight for our values in a non-violent way, in order to make a change in our government’s corrupt and unjust laws.