Elizabeth A. Bayliss and associates conducted a study to determine how multiple chronic conditions affect the declination of the physical health of individuals within four years. It was revealed that hypertension alone does not reduce the physical health of individuals dramatically; however, individuals with three or more chronic conditions start will start to see a decline in their physical health within four years (Bayliss, Bayliss, Ware, & Steiner, 2004). The combination of hypertension and obesity increases the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individuals diagnosed with the three chronic conditions; hypertension, obesity, and diabetes type 2 will experience a decrease in the overall quality of life. There will also be a higher risk of developing complications related to cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disorders and other organ related diseases. All three chronic conditions affect one another either directly or indirectly and are major leading contributors towards death. Obesity increases insulin dependency and blood pressure due to poor dieting which in turn increases complications relating to diabetes type 2 (Colosia, Khan, & Palencia, 2013). …show more content…
There is a positive correlation between body mass index and blood pressure measurement; as BMI reaches normal range, blood pressure measurement stability improves towards the normal range. Blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels are dependent on insulin up-take. A reduction of insulin resistance due to obesity will result in an improve blood glucose and A1c readings. Dietary lifestyle changes such as reduction of sodium intake, alcohol, fatty foods, and high-sugary foods has been essential to reducing and/eliminating harmful medical risks pertaining to these three chronic conditions (Zanella, Kohlmann, & Ribeiro,
Being overweight or obese are risk factors for many chronic health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and … cancers.”
It was to this respect that, the search could detect ‘’hypertension’’ as the leading risk factor for heart disease. And this preceded three quarters of heart failures cases as compared to coronary artery disease, which led to most heart failures in less than 40% of the cases. Also, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter became a mirror to the Framingham study as incident heart diseases in the individuals who are free from myocardial infarction. Although studies have shown that, the manifestation of heart failures can be present without the left ventricular systolic dysfunction, other risk factors could lead to that. Also, they (Framingham study) were able to detect ‘’too much of cholesterol’’ as a link to cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research believed that has elevated among certain heart diseases such as coronary heart often leads to stroke, too high blood pressure among numerous patients. Having said that, the search discovered ‘’obesity’’ also as a concomitantly with hypertension which elevates lipids and diabetes versus questions on smoking behavior. Having said that, these risk factors are believed to have attributed to heart diseases. Therefore, it became a national concern to the general US population and that of the fourth director of Framingham heart study, William Castelli
(2010). Relationship between A1C and glucose levels in the general Dutch population: The new hoorn study. Diabetes Care, 33, 61-66.
Obesity is becoming a major health problem in developing countries like Australia, North America, Europe and other developing nations. The Australian Diabetes, obesity and life style study (AUSDIAB) predicts the changes in glucose indices; health behaviour and incidence of diabetes in 5 year follow up experiments among 5842 participants (Barr et al., 2007). This study suggests that a large number of Australians suffered mortality due to cardiovascular diseases associated with abnormal glucose metabolism every year. The Framingham Heart Study revealed that hypertension, diabetes and left ventricular remodelling lead to the development of congestive heart failure (Levy et al., 1996). The Framingham Heart Study also found that a 5% increase in weight increases the chance of hypertension by 30% over a four-year period of time. An increased sympathetic activity, impaired renin-angiotensin system, retention of fluid volume, peripheral vasoconstriction, dyslipidaemia, increased blood viscosity due to the increased haematocrit and fibrinogen may increase pressure overload on heart in obesity (Schunkert, 2002). Several studies also suggest that the cause of hypertension itself may contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy in obese individuals as the increase of BMI increases the chance of hypertension (De Simone et al., 1994; Avelar et al., 2007). High dietary fat intake increases the expression of angiotensin IB(AT1B) and Endothelin A (ETA) receptors (Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and endothelin 1 (physiological vasoconstrictor agents) were increased in both obese patients and animal models (Barton et al., 2000; Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Recent studies have shown that reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO; a major vasodilator) from L-arginine in endothelial cells is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin in the vasculature of obese and diabetic subjects. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Growing evidence suggests that arginine plays an important role in regulating metabolism of energy substrates in mammals (Frank et al. 2007; Jobgen et al. 2006). NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase. As a signalling molecule, physiological levels of NO stimulate glucose uptake, as well as glucose and fatty-acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and adipose tissues (Jobgen et al. 2006). Nitric oxide also inhibits the synthesis of glucose, glycogen and lipid in liver and adipose tissues and enhances lipolysis in subcutaneous adipocytes (Jobgen et al.
As according to the CDC both heart disease and type two diabetes are at a higher risk if coupled with obesity. The very best way to prevent obesity is proper diet and exercise. Exercise does not just mean going to the gym and lifting weights or attempting to build muscle, but rather do cardio workouts. Cardio work outs are the best way to prevent both heart disease and obesity. This involves running, walking, swimming and even bike riding. The primary goal is to get a persons heart rate to increase under the weight and restraint of a persons body. Building to much muscle can be unhealthy later in life if it is not maintained, as it can waste away into excess weight. Walking and doing mild exercise even into older life is also helpful in preventing heart disease. The CDC claims at least 150 minutes of exercise a week will help weight loss and help type II diabetes prevention (The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). A diet should be well balanced, this is not a short term solution to lose weight, but is a life style choice to promote a persons well being. High sugar diet and processed fats should be avoided. A person should increase vegetable and fruit food options, and avoid fried food. It is important to maintain good cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as being out of the normal range will increase a persons risk for type II diabetes and heart disease
Heart disease and obesity goes hand in hand. There is much more of a common occurrence for people who are overweight will more and li...
Long range BMI target/goal is less than 25. If lifestyle changes are not enough, than drugs that help lower cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and blood sugar can be used such as statins, fibrates or nicotinic acid. 4Other things that can be done include trying to fight the insulin resistance by starting thiazolidinedione. Also, treating the different risk factors like elevated blood pressure, prothrombotic and proinflammatory state independently. Our patient has 4 of the 5 risk factors: low HDL, high triglycerides, high fasting blood glucose, and central obesity.
An unhealthy diet and physical inactivity can cause raised blood pressure, raised glucose levels, raised blood lipids, overweight and obesity in individuals, which puts them at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Unlike behavior risk factors, which can be controlled or modified, there are fixed risk factors like like race, gender, and age that can also contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease.
First of all, “obesity is considered a problem since the high quantity of fat in the human body can lead to several health problems, compromising the proper functioning of important organs” (Graham & Wong, 2014, para.3). Graham & Wong, 2014, discuss that “the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) considers individuals with a BMI of 30 or greater to be obese”. Second, obesity in Canada has become epidemic. Recently, the number of obese people is growing so fast in children and adults (Graham & Wong, 2014, para.11). Graham and Wong, 2014, states that more than half of the Canadian population is considered obese and “levels of childhood obesity are expected to lead to the first decrease in life expectancy in over 200 years”. Finally, obese people could be affected by some diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, arthritis, reproductive disorders and others (Graham & Wong, 2014, para.3). As Renneboog, 2014, demonstrates “physically, excessive body fat puts mechanical stress on the body, which leads to conditions including sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and hypertension”. Accordingly to Hussain, Hydrie, Claussen & Ashgar, 2010, the obesity and diabetes type 2 are strongly related since obesity affects the body fuel metabolism, making people get sick. As Eckel et al, 2011, argue, obesity can cause diabetes more effectively depending on where
Chronic illness or chronic condition is a long lasting or persistent disease or condition in a person’s health. A chronic illness can affect anyone’s life at any time. A person’s life can be affected greatly in many ways by a chronic illness. A person may be affected physically, their independence may be taken away, they may feel tired and/or in pain due to a chronic illness they may be suffering from. Financial problems may occur due to the high medical costs treating the chronic illness, someone could lose their, job, their appearance may be affected, and a person may experience confusion. If a chronic illness unexpectedly approaches someone’s life, a person may feel overwhelmingly confused. This confusion may come, because they don’t understand why they now have this illness. This confusion is primarily seen in children. Since chronic illness affects lives so greatly, a person may start to feel anger, stress, or anxiety because of the interruption of the chronic illness in a person’s life.
There are many ways to categorize illness and disease; one of the most common is chronic illness. Many chronic illnesses have been related to altered health maintenance hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are associated with diet and stress, deficient in exercise, tobacco use, and obesity (Craven 2009). Some researchers define the chronic illness as diseases which have long duration and generally slow development (WHO 2013); it usually takes 6 month or longer than 6 month, and often for the person's life. It has a sluggish onset and eras of reduction for vanishing the symptoms and exacerbation for reappear the symptoms. Some of chronic illness can be directly life-threatening. Others remain over time and need intensive management, such as diabetes, so chronic illness affects physical, emotional, logical, occupational, social, or spiritual functioning. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, all of these diseases are the cause of mortality in the world, representing 63% of all deaths. So a chronic illness can be stressful and may change the way a person l...
The health triangle is a triangle that has 3 different aspect of your everyday life. The most commonly known factor is physical health. Physical health is the body’s ability to function depending on the state of your body and how it is treated. This includes exercise, nutritions, rest, and weight managements. The remaining two factors is known as emotional/mental and social. Although it is not considered by many people, the two factors is just as important as much physical health. Mental health deals with how we think, feel, and handle or react to situations. Social health deals with how we deal with the people within your environment. By blending all sides of the triangle, you can achieve maximum health to your life. But in other words, if you lack a side, it could affect the other 2 sides as well.
Hypertension is high blood pressure, a major factor in heart disease,obesity is the national institutes of health (nih) defines as obese any person with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 and above.the BML, which relates body weight to height is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared.(jacobs, w.e and resalyn carson dewitt.”counterpoint the government shouldn 't tell students what they are allowed to eat and drink.” Points of view ; junk food in schools (2013) 3. Point of view reference center. Web 12 feb. 2016.) As the BML describes body weight relatives to height it correlates strongly with total body fat content.type 2 diabetes is the most common form of the disease,
The health risks linked to obesity include ”heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancers, gallbladder disease and gallstones, osteoarthritis, gout, and sleep apnea”(Miller). Blood pressure is the result of how hard your blood is pushing along the vascular veins and walls. Blood pressure is the result of two forces. The first force is found when blood pumps out of the heart to the arteries that are part of the circulatory system. The second force is found when the heart rests between heart beats. In relation, diabetes is the sugar content in your blood. Obesity has increased the chances of breast cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer and many other diseases. Gallstones are the small, hard deposits found in the gallbladder, a sac-like organ that lies in the abdomen. Osteoarthritis is the deformation of your joints. This can be caused when there is a lot of weight put on for the joints. Gout is a similar form of arthritis. This occurs when uric acid builds up in blood and causes inflammation in the joints. With the consistent eating of fast food, your weight will increase which will eventually make you obese. With obesity comes its many risks and diseases. All of these afflicted diseases occur as a result of being afflicted with
The dictionary definition of mental health is, “psychological well-being and satisfactory adjustment to society and to the ordinary demands of life, the field of medicine concerned with the maintenance or achievement of such well-being and adjustment” (Dictionary.com). In other words, mental health is the way people deal with their feelings and how they act throughout their day. Mental diseases, such as depression, could cause people to think of going through the day as a chore and could become really upset at the idea of having to continue to get up and do the same thing over and over again. Mental illnesses cause people to look at life differently or see good things through a different eye.