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Impacts of imf and world bank
Impacts of imf and world bank
The impacts of the imf and world bank
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The World Bank has had many controversial operations in their history. Their existence has been rife from inclusions into conspiracy theory, all the way to globalization activists of which the current president of the World Bank once was (World Bank President Jim Yong Kim: The Vice News Interview). While some of the allegations towards the group might be exaggerated, they are far from freedom of scrutiny. In particular is the exceptional case of the Chixoy Dam in Guatemala, of which it is difficult to imagine a worse outcome.
The main structures for the Chixoy project was a 108 meter hydroelectrical dam close to the junction of the Chixoy and Quixal rivers, 25.6 km power tunnel, and a power plant that generates a total of 300MW when fully operational. The project was expected to cost a total of 414.08 million US dollars with initial loans from the International Bank for reconstruction and Development (IBRD also known as the World Bank) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) being 72 and 105 million US dollars respectively (At the time of 1978).
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Directly after the massacre/relocation of the Mayans, many of the promised compensations for their relocations were not met (The World Bank, 2000). The World Bank delegated the National Fund for Peace to administer the compensations and by 1998 had finished. However the quality of the compensation was poorly managed as the land in which the Mayans received in return ranged from no land [44 families], infertile land [46 families] and to fertile rainforest [62 families](The World Bank 2000). In addition there were no reparations for the murders up until 2015. On October 15 of 2015, the surviving members of the massacres and resettlement finally received payment totalling 154 million USD of which neither the World Bank nor the IDB needed to pay (Russel, April
On September 10, 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt help transferred a $20 million from Emergency Relief Act funds to the department of interior for construction of Friant Dam. The following year coming, he signed the act. Projected cost of the Friant Dam and Reservoir came in at $14 million, the Friant-Kern Canal came in at $26 million, and the Madera Canal was $3 million. The dam was built by the United State Bureau of Reclamation and the Faint dam was completed in 1942.
203,000 farm families in dire distress” (1). As a result, people were starving and had nothing to
Webb, P. (2005). The United Nations Convention Against Corruption: Global achievement or missed opportunity? Journal of International Economic Law, 8(1), 191-229.
The state-sponsored massacres of Hutus by the Tutsi-dominated Burundian army in 1972 was one of the most significant post-Holocaust genocides and as such received appropriate levels of international attention due to a lack of political distractions within western nations. The genocide broke out as a Hutu-lead rebellion in which Hutu insurgents massacred Tutsis and resisting Hutus in the lakeside towns of Rumonge and Nyanza-Lac. As many as 1200 people killed in this initial incident, the Tutsi-dominated government responded by declaring martial law and systematically proceeded to slaughter Hutus (Totten 325). After hundreds of thousands of Hutus had been massacred by the Burundian government, the neighboring nation of Zaire aided the Hutus in a counteroffensive attack on the Tutsi-controlled army. Having succeeded in their effort, the genocide was quickly brought to international attention within a few days. The United Nations invested $25,000 from the World Disaster Relief Account’s fund...
The Mayan Genocide was a result of a civil war concerning communism and democracy between corrupt leaders and the people of Guatemala. The Guatemalan army carried out the genocide under the self-proclaimed name “killing machines”. According to the article Genocide in Guatemala “the army destroyed 626 villages, killed or “disappeared” more than 200,000 people and displaced an additional 1.5 million, while more than 150,000 were driven to seek refuge in Mexico”. The army murdered and tortured without regard to age or gender, men, women, and children all alike. In an attempt to end the conflict Peace Accords were signed, in spite of the fact that there was little change. Directly following the Mayan genocides, Guatemala faced physical and emotional
A history of globalization and European colonialism has left prolonged damage to the economies and traditions of other cultures such as the Rwandan and Congolese peoples. In evaluating this issue, it is clear that we should embrace the humanitarian views expressed in the source because there has been a history of solvable problems becoming nearly, if not entirely, unsolvable due to a lack of compliance from both individuals and authorities. While it is important to take action in solving humanitarian issues, it must also be understood that some problems are still incredibly far away from a solution. The industrialized countries who benefited from globalization should be held accountable for the problems that they have caused for the nations
...ractices of other branches of power that the UN cannot grasp upon. In contrast, the virtues of the UN remain undeniably consistent throughout history, but the powers and legislative action the organization fluctuates due to the constant uprising of conflict. However, throughout the history of the 20th century and post Cold – War conflict, the organization's extensiveness has increased, such through the actions of the Non-proliferation treaty of nuclear weapons, and the ongoing tasks of UN Peacekeeping missions. These actions reflected upon the UN fiasco of the Cold War, demonstrate the emerging “politico-economic” society, by laying a prodigious impact of the world via its numerous stretches of the organization.
In an effort to suppress these growing ideas, they turned to forced disappearance, a technique where the state or a third party secretly abducts people with the consent of the government. They targeted equalists, more specifically, trade unionists and human rights activists, and student leaders. The police force attempted to make examples out of these activists by forcing them out of their homes, beating them, and eventually killing them. They would then dispose of their bodies by burying them or throwing them into the ocean. Because of this, many families who had family members who fell victims to this event are unaware if their loved one is still alive or not. Of the 200,000 casualties from the war, 40,000-50,000 disappeared. According to the Center of Justice and Accountability, Of that 40,000-50,000, 83% of which were Mayan, and 93% were killed in ways that violated the constitution (Guatemala). The civil war and genocide eventually came to a close when the government and the insurgents signed a peace accord in 1996. However, this event was revisited in 2005 when a munition base was found when searching for active bombs. In the base, over eighty million cases were found relating to the disappearance; files were tabbed from assassinations, disappeared, and even special cases (A Humans Rights Breakthrough in Guatemala). This
Claim: Figuring out who qualifies for reparations and how we will pay them is nearly
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2000). The IMF and the World Bank: puppets of the neoliberalism onslaught. Retrieved April 05, 2014, from MIT website: http://www.mit.edu/~thistle/v13/2/imf.html
The Guatemalan Genocide was part of the thirty-six year long Guatemalan civil war, which lasted from 1960 to 1996. Throughout those thirty-six years of civil unrest, the genocide was committed from 1981-1983. A genocide is defined as “the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political, or cultural group” by the Merriam Webster Dictionary. The Mayan Indians were the targeted group in the Guatemalan Genocide. It is estimated by the Peace Pledge Union that about, “200,000 people were killed or “disappeared”” in the Guatemalan Genocide, which was about 3% of Guatemala’s population at the time. The United States was also involved in the genocide because it helped the Guatemalan government to find and kill their targets, the Mayan Indians. The reason for sympathizing with the Guatemalan government was that the United States was keen on protecting an American company’s investment in Guatemala. The Guatemalan Genocide is a relatively recent event, and the trial to convict the perpetrators of genocide is still in progress. (Thesis)
From 1971 to 1980, the author worked as an ‘Economic Hitman’ (EHM) for the consulting firm Chas. T. Main, Inc. (MAIN). His role was “to cheat countries around the globe out of billions of dollars... to encourage world leaders to become part of a vast network that promotes U.S. commercial interests. In the end, those leaders become ensnared in a web of debt that ensures their loyalty” (p17). This was accomplished by the production of economic projections that would persuade the World Bank and other international organisations to lend money to these countries. After this money was spent on developing infrastructure in the countries in question – the contracts for which went to U.S. companies – they were left with large amounts of debts which they could not hope to repay. This in turn left these countries beholden to the United States’ economic and political interests, creating a ‘global empire’ controlled by “corporations, banks and governments” (Preface, p xiii). Perkins refers to this collusion of interests as the ‘corporatocracy’, and it is they who devised and carry out this strategy. The goal is not only to increase economic growth, both for the U.S. and the corporations themselves, but “to perpetuate and continually expand the system” (Preface, p xiii).
An article in the New York Times by Diana B Henriques talks about past victims of terrorist attacks being left out of the new compensation fund.
For the first time, causing many to wonder, “What is globalization exactly, and why are the protesters so against it? “ “What are the mysterious institutions the WTO, the IMF, and the Bank- that the media keep? “ “And what could be so problematic about free
World Bank. Independent Evaluation Group. World Bank (2013). Results and performance of the World Bank Group: Volume 1. Retrieved from World Bank website: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PROJECTS/Resources/40940-1367867968385/2013_WorldBankforResults.pdf