The conclusions I've drawn from this experiment were how closely related the chicken leg is to a human's leg, and how they work compared to us. The chicken leg has muscles in almost the same spots as us, on their thigh and calf. our tendons and ligaments function the same, but just on a chicken leg. The first thing i saw was the muscles, and they were pink and in similar spots to humans. I found it weird that the chicken’s leg muscles stretched and contracted at one point, also that electrical impulses were sent to tell those muscles to move. Even though it was just a leg the quadriceps still twitched/contracted when we squeezed it. The next thing i seen were all the two types of blood vessels, and the differences between them. Next I seen
During the remainder of this lab, continuous drops of Ringers solution were dispensed on the frog. The first activity was isolating the gastrocnemius muscle. A cut between the thigh and hip was made so the skin could be pulled down past the lower leg. Then the tendon was cut away from the bone of the heel and one end of the nine-inch string was tied to the tendon.
There is common plan for all limbs: one bone, followed by two bones, then a bunch of little bones, and finally digits. This array of bones is seen in many species including, but not restricted to bats, whales, and lizards. But how do these limbs develop and why do they all look similar? Shubin explains it by conveying that there are certain genetic switches that help assemble who we are. When scientists went looking for this genetic switch in limbs, they found a couple tissue areas in the limbs that allow this body plan to occur. “A strip of tissue at the extreme end of the limb bud is essential for all limb development…This patch of tissue was named the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).” ZPA allows humans to have opposable thumbs and pinkies. In other organisms, it differentiates the “thumb” side from the “pinky” side. Scientists then wanted to discover the molecule that allowed this changen in the ZPA, the answer is Sonic hedgehog. Shubin points out that every limbed animal h...
Thyroid and metabolism hormones play a large role in the daily lives of all living species. Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolism and the metabolism is responsible for maintaining a specific range for the biochemical reactions that occur in the body (Martini 2014). The most important hormone for metabolic maintenance is thyroxine (T4). This hormone also plays a large role in body heat regulation. It is produced by the pituitary gland and secreted by the thyroid gland. The thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) must trigger the thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) to release thyroid hormones to the thyroid gland. These hormones are under control of the hypothalamus, or main neural control center. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a medication used to treat
This experiment was completed in order to compare calf circumference as well as gender, weight, and jump height. If a person has larger calves, then they will likely be capable of reaching a higher vertical height. It can also be shown that if the person is a male, then they will be able to jump higher. A larger calf circumference is more likely to reflect a high vertical jump due to the fact that the fat content of the calves in the experiment was accounted for, therefore a large calf measurement in this experiment means a muscular calf. It is common knowledge that more muscle will result in stronger legs leading to a higher vertical. While it is believed that males are bigger, faster, and stronger, this leads us to believe that they can also jump higher. Males tend to have stronger muscles at nearly all points in life(Burr, 1997). That being said, the aforementioned hypotheses can be expected to be true because males are likely to have larger, and therefore stronger, calves. It can also be expected that males will display a higher vertical jump(Caruso, 2012).
Abstract: The objectives of this lab was to identify the internal and external anatomy of the fetal pig. The experiment was conducted by dissecting a fetal pig and actively seeing the external anatomy, Oral Cavity, Digestive System, Circulatory System, Respiratory System, Urogenital System, and Nervous System.
To calibrate the thermometer that I bought from Irvine Valley College, I followed the steps given by my Astronomy 20 teacher, Roy McCord. First, I purchased distilled water. I then found a reliable source, to research the point at which water freezes and boils in Celsius. Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
If you read different studies believe it or not, but current research shows that the nervous system has the capability to modify fiber typ...
In the beginning Pigott felt unusual. But when time passes, she starts to observe their ideas to believing them herself. She feels open-minded. Pigott begins to see European tourists as “strange and skeletal….devoid of shape and substance.” She started to see the way of beauty and she completely transformed herself into a Gambian women.
In the muscular system the main differences between minks and humans are mostly the size and shape of each muscle. However, for example the temporalis differs in that it has different locations within the mink and human. In minks the temporalis is located on the dorsal side of the skull while, in humans it is located on the later side. Also the romboideus complex muscles differ in location as well. In humans these muscles are located in the upper section of the dorsal side while, in minks they are found closer to the neck. Another example of differing locations if that of the levator scapulae. Though the functions are the same which is to elevate the scapulae and shoulders, in humans it is located in the upper section of the dorsal side of the body behind the neck. In minks the levator scapulae is located lower down the back. The main similarities of the muscular system between minks and humans are both the name and functions of the muscles. For instance, the masseter elevates the mandible which helps in raising the lower jaw to close. Also there are the obliques and transversus abdominis that encloses the abdomen while the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities. The gastrocnemius muscles also have similar functions between the mink and humans which are the plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle and the flexion of the leg at the knee joint.
In Labs 22 through 26, my lab partner and I were assigned a fetal pig to perform a dissection on in order to understand anatomy, the study of an organism’s structure1, and physiology, the study of the functions and activities of a living organism2. Throughout these labs, we studied the structure of the fetal pig and performed experiments to understand four system processes: digestion, cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory. Dissecting an organism, physically moving and seeing the different portions of the organism, especially of a fetal pig, is very important. This helps in the understanding of the skeletal structure and what series of physical and chemical processes the mammalian species body performs in order to survive.
Eating too much is a huge problem for many Americans and some of the reasons for this problem are actually quite straight forward. The video, Chicken Wing Study, presents a few ways including eating food directly from the bag rather than placing it into a serving dish first. Another way to overeat that the video mentions is eating while being distracted by other activities. The video discusses one other way that leads to overeating, being near food. This is a phenomenon that I have experienced directly while living in a studio apartment. I was always a few steps away in direct line of site from the kitchen, I would constantly binge eat because food was always so easily accessible.
The Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn’t be able to live or function correctly. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class the other day we studied the Animal Cell. We were split into groups of our own and we each picked a different animal cell slide to observe. My group chose the slide,'; Smeared Frog Blood ';.
The first step was to obtain the White Rat and to tie it in the supine position, anterior surface facing up in side the dissection pan. To tie the animal, we used butcher’s twine and secured the front and hinds legs using a “lasso” technique, careful not touch the sharp claws. To make the first insicion I had to locate the Xifoid Process of the rat (distal aspect of the sternum). Once I had located the Xifoid Process, I had to use forceps to pull the skin of the animal’s abdomen up and use the scissors to cut. The first incision is made from stem to sternum, cutting through the errectos abdomen muscle down to the groin. The second incision ion is perpendicular to the first below the diaphragm. Because of this technique we were able to open the abdominal cavity first. The third and forth incisions were made bilaterally above the legs. The last two incisions were made in upside down “V” shape on the collarbone, to expose the thoracic cavity. This dissection was both sharp, because of the use of the scissors and scapel and blunt because of the use of the probe and forceps to move organs and skin to expose other organs not yet identified.
...ll human organs and the systems that they belong to. "This would be the most revolutionary type of alternative, especially for human related experiments"().