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Effects of colonization on indigenous peoples in America
Effects of colonization on indigenous peoples in America
Clash between native americans and white settlers
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Natives have been living in Georgia longer than any settler has. I’m a missionary that is living among the Cherokee in North Georgia. The Cherokee seem to be living in harmony. The only reason they seem to be mad is because the white settlers are forcibly moving into the Native territory without permission. The settlers should live in peace with the Natives. The were here before the white settlers came along and it’s the Cherokee land. Running the Cherokee off their own land would be wrong. It’s their land, the settlers should ask for permission before moving onto the land. The Natives settled the land before anyone else. They should have the right to have a say-so over the land. Also the Natives were here first. The Natives came to America
... the unwilling tribes west of the Mississippi. In Jackson’s letter to General John Coffee on April 7, 1832, he explained that the Cherokees were still in Georgia, and that they ought to leave for their own benefit because destruction will come upon them if they stay. By 1835, most eastern tribes had unwillingly complied and moved west. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created in 1836 to help out the resettled tribes. Most Cherokees rejected the settlement of 1835, which provided land in the Indian territory. It was not until 1838, after Jackson had left office, that the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia. The hardships on the “trail of tears” were so great that over 4,000 Cherokees died on their heartbreaking westward journey. In conclusion, the above statement is valid and true. The decision the Jackson administration made to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River was a reformulation of the national policy. Jackson, along with past Presidents George Washington, James Monroe, and Thomas Jefferson, tried to rid the south of Indians This process of removing the native people was continuous as the years went on.
The Cherokees and the Aztecs were very different people in many ways not only in location but also in ways of living. The Cherokees were southwestern woodland farmers. The Aztecs were also farmers in mesoamerica like the Mayans.
Therefore, in 1800s all the five civilizer tribes are Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, Seminoles and Cherokee wanted to adopt European ways of living for them to survive within white culture. The way of adopting white culture was, they invited Moravian missionaries in to their community in 1801. Missionaries taught them the ways white did agriculture, domestic arts, and taught them how to speak English, read, and pushed for them to believe in Christianity. Then from that moment, the tribes invented their own written language and adopted a constitutional government modeled after the United State Constitution. However, with these entire struggles it does not make any difference to the State of Georgia.
The displacement of southeastern Cherokees is a tragedy, and the factors that went into it are even more so. Brigadier General Winfield Scott, on May 10th 1838, issued a proclamation. The very end is the most striking for me: “The blood of the white man or the blood of the red man may be spilt, and if spilt, however accidentally, it may be impossible for the discreet and humane among you, or among us, to prevent a general war
As white settlers poured across the mountains, the Cherokee tried once again to compensate themselves with territory taken by war with a neighboring tribe. This time their intended victim was the Chickasaw, but this was a mistake. Anyone who tried to take something from the Chickasaw regretted it, if he survived. After eleven years of sporadic warfare ended with a major defeat at Chickasaw Oldfields (1769), the Cherokee gave up and began to explore the possibility of new alliances to resist the whites. Both the Cherokee and Creek attended the 1770 and 1771 meetings with the Ohio tribes at Sciota but did not participate in Lord Dunnmore's War (1773-74) because the disputed territory was not theirs. On the eve of the American Revolution, the British government scrambled to appease the colonists and negotiate treaties with the Cherokee ceding land already taken from them by white settlers. To this end, all means, including outright bribery and extortion, were employed: Lochaber Treaty (1770); and the Augusta Treaty (1773) ceding 2 million acres in Georgia to pay for debts to white traders. For the same reasons as the Iroquois cession of Ohio in 1768, the Cherokee tried to protect their homeland from white settlement by selling land they did not really control. In the Watonga Treaty (1774) and the Overhill Cherokee Treaty (Sycamore Shoals) (1775), they sold all of eastern and central Kentucky to the Transylvania Land Company (Henderson Purchase).
advantage of the rich black soil for farming. Corn was their main source of food,
Converting some Native Americans to Christianity was not enough. Europeans assimilated Native Americans. The Cherokees were known as the most civilized Native Americans. They were influenced and educated in American schools. U.S. officials began to urge them to abandon hunting and their traditional ways of life and to instead learn how to live, worship, and farm like an American yeomen. They even established a court system, formally abandoned the law of blood revenge, and adopted a republican government (Garrison, 2015). They flourished in and around the Smoky Mountains in Tennessee, Georgia and their bordering states. After influencing the Cherokees, the Georgia legislature prolonged the state 's authority over Cherokee territory, passed laws asserting to abolish the Cherokee government, and began the process of seizing the Cherokees’ land. Europeans refused to accept the Cherokee people as social equals. One of the Cherokee chiefs who tried to break the removal policy was John Ross. Though he was only one-eighth Cherokee by blood, he fought for the Cherokees. The court, however, ignored the Cherokees’ grievances. Georgia held lottery for the Cherokee lands. In late spring of 1838, the removal treaty took effect and the infamous Trail of Tears took
One huge shift in history happened around the late 1400’s when a slightly well known man by the name of Christopher Columbus came across what is now known as North America. Columbus actually thought he had found a new and shorter route to the West Indies. When this was announced, the news spread like wildfire and it was not soon after that, other countries began to send their own explorers. It was a bright and positive time when leaders wanted to claim new land for their country. But, what of the people that were already settled in America where Columbus had been so quick to claim for Spain? These people were the real settlers of America, the Native Americans as they would be called later on in history.
Different Indian nations used different strategies to survive contact with white settlers. The Cherokee tried to maintain its culture and coexist with white settlers. They adopted many aspects of the white man culture. The Shawnee resisted the white man and fought to keep their homeland. The Creeks were like the Cherokee in that they too tried to get along with white settlers and maintain their own culture.
One reason is the Native Americans tried to be fair as possible. For example the text stated “The goal of this civilization campaign was to make Native Americans as much as white Americans as possible by encouraging them to Christianity, learn to speak and read English, and to adopt a European-style economic practices such as the individual ownership of land and other property” stated by The Trail of Tears. So the Native Americans try to be fair and do everything thing like the White Americans and are good neighbors. In the Same article, it stated, “Several states passed laws limiting Native American sovereignty and rights and encroaching on their territory”. The Cherokee took it to court instead of starting a war and were very reasonable and did not start a war like they older generations would. So Native America was fair and
The removal of the Cherokee was so that they can get moved west so that Jefferson could get fertile land and good farming land and that they could be like white people (1) The congress finally passed the Removal Bill so they can move the Indians to the west.(2) The Cherokee nation’s wanted the Indians to become civilized and assimilated to the Indian Territory. (3) Some of the Indians were voluntary to move from the Indian Territory. (1) The congress wanted the Indians to be equal. (2)
In the essay, “The Trail of Tears” by author Dee Brown explains that the Cherokees isn’t Native Americans that evaporate effectively from their tribal land, but the enormous measure of sympathy supported on their side that was abnormal. The Cherokees process towards culture also the treachery of both states and incorporated governments of the declaration and promises that contrived to the Cherokee nation. Dee Brown wraps up that the Cherokees had lost Kentucky and Tennessee, but a man who once consider their buddy named Andrew Jackson had begged the Cherokees to move to Mississippi but the bad part is the Indians and white settlers never get along together even if the government wanted to take care of them from harassment it shall be incapable to do that. The Cherokee families moved to the West, but the tribes were together and denied to give up more land but Jackson was running for President if the Georgians elects him as President he agreed that he should give his own support to open up the Cherokee lands for establishment.
The Cherokees have the right to stay to their homelands and not be moved to different place because they were the first one there and they own it. The Indians should be allowed to stay because the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that President Jackson or the state of Georgia cannot force them to move, only few of their chiefs signed the treaty and they had already created their own nation where they have their own language, printing press, government, agriculture and economic. The Native Americans should be allowed to stay and remain to their
Natives were forcefully removed from their land in the 1800’s by America. In the 1820’s and 30’s Georgia issued a campaign to remove the Cherokees from their land. The Cherokee Indians were one of the largest tribes in America at the time. Originally the Cherokee’s were settled near the great lakes, but overtime they moved to the eastern portion of North America. After being threatened by American expansion, Cherokee leaders re-organized their government and adopted a constitution written by a convention, led by Chief John Ross (Cherokee Removal). In 1828 gold was discovered in their land. This made the Cherokee’s land even more desirable. During the spring and winter of 1838- 1839, 20,000 Cherokees were removed and began their journey to Oklahoma. Even if natives wished to assimilate into America, by law they were neither citizens nor could they hold property in the state they were in. Principal Chief, John Ross and Major Ridge were leaders of the Cherokee Nation. The Eastern band of Cherokee Indians lost many due to smallpox. It was a year later that a Treaty was signed for cession of Cherokee land in Texas. A small number of Cherokee Indians assimilated into Florida, in o...
There has always been a big debate on whether the Cherokee Indians should have or should not have been removed from the land they resided on. Although the common consensus of the whites was for removal, and for the Cherokees it was against removal, there were some individuals on each side that disagreed with their groups’ decision. The Cherokee Indians should have been removed from their homeland because the Cherokees would not have been able to survive on their own with the way they were living, they would not have been able to exist amidst a white population, and if they were removed, the whites would have helped them create a new and prosperous civilization.