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Electrolysis experiment with copper sulphate
Electrolysis experiment with copper sulphate
Electrolysis experiment with copper sulphate
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Recommended: Electrolysis experiment with copper sulphate
Chemistry Experiment
How does the change in the electric current used in
the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution affect the
mass of copper deposited on the copper electrodes?
Aim
---
The aim of this experiment is to find out whether the mass of copper
deposited on copper electrodes during the electrolysis of copper
sulphate solution changes when the current used to electrolyse the
solution is increased.
Hypothesis
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I predict that if the current used to electrolyse the copper sulphate
solution is increased, then the mass of copper deposited on the copper
cathode will increase. Also as the current is increased the mass of
the anode will decrease. I also predict that the mass change of the
copper electrodes is directly proportional to the current. This is
because of what happens during electrolysis.
All electrolytes contain ions, positively and negatively charged ions.
In copper sulphate there are positively charged copper ions (Cu2+) and
negatively charged sulphate ions (S2-). When the copper sulphate is a
solid, the ions are held tightly together in a regular lattice, and
they cannot move. However, when they are into a solution, the ions are
freed from their lattice and can move around.
During the electrolysis of copper sulphate solution, the positively
charged copper ions are attracted to the negatively charged cathode,
because opposite charges attract. Because electricity is the flow of
negatively charged electrons, when the copper ions contact the
cathode, they attract electrons from the cathode. The electrons then
cancel out the positive charge of ...
... middle of paper ...
...o be done more accurately, I would have to use
more accurate apparatus, such as a newer ammeter, a balance with more
digits, a more accurate way of controlling the current, maybe with a
computer, and also I could use a thermometer to show the change in
temperature, so that it can be monitered. I also could have kept the
size and separation of the electrodes the same. I also could have made
sure that the crocodile clips were completely out of the electrolyte.
Also I could have taken a much wider range of readings, from 0.05A to
1.00A at smaller intervals, maybe at 0.05A graduations, and I could
have timed for different times, and I could have investigated the
other variables, such as the temperature of the electrolyte, the
concentration of the electrolyte, the separation of he electrodes, and
the size of the electrodes.
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At the cathode the hydrogen ions gain an electron. They are discharged and are converted into hydrogen gas: 2H (+) + 2e (-) → H2 At the anode, the hydroxide, not the sulphate ions are discharged. Water and oxygen gas are formed: 4OH (-) → 2 H2O + O2 + 4e (-) The hydrogen gas can be collected and measured. The greater the volume of hydrogen gas formed over a set period of time, the faster electrolysis is occurring.
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Time - The longer time can let more copper ions from the anode to the cathode if the current are the same. There are still more factors which can affect the mass deposited during electroplating. 3). Distance between two electrodes - If the distance between the two electrodes is greater, the copper ions require to travel more from the anode to the cathode.
borate) and 1.0 g. of sodium hydroxide in 20 mL of warm water. It may