The 84 year old woman is experiencing several symptoms that would indicate that she has suffered an injury to her third cranial nerve, also known as the oculomotor nerve. The oculomotor nerve is responsible for eye movement, allows the pupil to constrict, and allows the person to focus on near objects such as reading. This ability to focus is also known as accommodation. The oculomotor nerve divides into two branches; the smaller superior branch and the larger inferior branch. The superior branch innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, and superior rectus muscles. The inferior branch innervates inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique muscles.The woman’s symptoms are characteristic of damage to the third cranial nerve. The first of these is diplopia, also known as double vision, or the inability of the being able to line up correctly in order to focus on an object, there are two types of …show more content…
The third branch, which is also the longest, runs between the inferior recti and inferior oblique muscles, then a short branch is given off to the lower portion of the ciliary ganglion. The neighbor should not be experiencing dry eye from this injury, as dry eye is usually one of the symptoms associated with injury to the 7th cranial nerve. Since she has not mentioned a problem with dry eye, there is probably no damage to the 7th cranial nerve. In her case, with the damage to the third cranial nerve, it is expected that the position of the affected eye will be changed; the right eye turns outward while the left eye looks straight ahead. This is causing the double vision, since both eyes are unable to line up correctly in order to focus properly. When attempting to look inward, the right eye can move to the middle only, but cannot move up and
The origin of the triceps brachii is also from the scapula like the biceps brachii. In a mink, the extensor digitorium originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus yet in humans it is present in the posterior forearm and is responsible for extending the phalanges, wrist, and elbow in both species. Anothier muscle with similar functions to the extensor digitorium is the flexor carpi ulnaris but instead it is soley responsible for flexin... ... middle of paper ... ...
Other structures that are involved and were mainly effected in this assignment’s patient is the cervical lymph nodes. These lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped masses that allows the storage of lymphocytes, and filter the lymph fluid for pathogens and malignant cells (Marieb & Hoehn, 2007). Another structure in the nasopharynx are the cranial nerves. They control swallowing, vision, hearing, eye movement, and such would have to be given more attention when exploring
The facial nerve fibers originate from the pons, lateral to the abducens nerves (Marieb & Hoehn). Branches enter the temporal bone through the internal acoustic meatus; they run through the inner ear cavity with the bone before they emerge through the stylomastoid foramen (Marieb & Hoehn). The facial nerve is the motor nerve to all of the muscles of expression in the face; it is distributed by multiple branches as it innervates various facial muscles including: the platysma, buccinator, the muscles of the external ear, the digastric, and the stylohyoid (Gray, 1995). Parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve innervate the the lacrimal glands of the eyes, nasal and palatine glands, and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (Marieb & Hoehn).
Poor perception of time and distance missing the tip of nose 5 of 6 times with slow movements.
Other basic cases happen when managed weight has been connected over a nerve, hindering/fortifying its capacity. Evacuating the weight ordinarily brings about continuous help of these paresthesias. (Paresthesia 1)
Tessie is suffering from a severe (GCS 3) traumatic brain injury (traumatic brain injury classification using the Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) as mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) and severe (GCS 3-8) (Teasdale & Jennett, 1974). Traumatic brain injury can be divided into two groups; primary such as focal hematomas, contusions, or diffuse injury and secondary such as hypoxia, hypo- or hypercarbia, hypotension, hyperthermia, and hypo- or hyperglycemia. Anisocoria (unequal pupil sizes) due to severe head injuries is a critical sign of an uneven increased pressure in the brain (due to herniation). Since the blood can't escape and the skull can’t expand in adults, increased pressure in the brain would compress the nerves and also would decrease
The reason for this disability is most commonly due to lesions in the nerve centers that control the muscle contractions, or a blood clot that blocks circulation of oxygen to the brain stem. Brain-stem strokes, accidents, extreme spinal-cord injuries, and neurological diseases are other main causes for the syndrome (5). Axons that carry brain signals leave the larger motor areas on the surface of the brain and direct their signals towards the brain stem. It is here where they converge linking one another to form a tightly packed bundle called the motor tract. The brain stem motor tract is extremely sensitive; thus even the slightest impact of a stroke can lead to destruction of the axon bundles resulting in a total paralysis (1). For a locked-in patient, depending on the severity of the stroke, the sensory tracts may or may not be affected. These tracts also form axon bundles and determine the functioning of the feel, touch, and pressure perceptions.
In the early 1940’s Marie was born into a small tight knit family living in a small rural Kentucky town. Marie is now in her seventies and has led a very interesting life traveling the country, raising four children, and shaping her chosen profession. Our interview sessions were conducted over a period of time, as Marie is very active and has little “free time” to spare.
Within the U.S. Healthcare system there are different levels of healthcare; Long-Term Care also known as (LTC), Integrative Care, and Mental Health. While these services are contained within in the U.S. Healthcare system, they function on dissimilar levels.
Please explain the five causes of POVL (postoperative vision loss) during prone surgery. POVL is not a common complication of nonopthalmic surgery but it can occur in one or both eyes. Vision loss after nonopthalmic surgery is generally related to five causes: Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), central retinal vein occlusion, cortical blindness, and glycine toxicity. Nagelhout (2014) further indicates that ION accounts for 89% of POVL after prone spinal procedures. Several devices are available to prevent POVL in the prone position to keep the head in the neutral position including three-point skull fixation, the horseshoe headrest, and foam cushions allow the head to be placed in a neutral position while the eyes are kept free of pressure. However, POVL has occurred despite the utilization of these devices (Nagelhout & Plaus, 2014).
smoothness and clarity noted. Snellen chart visual acuity 20/15 bilaterally. Complete and symmetrical red circle noted in both eyes.
Anatomies that form the lateral medullar include nucleus solitaries, nucleus ambiguus , descending sympathetic fibres, spinothalamic tract, trigeminal nucleus and tract, vestibular nuclei and inferior cerebellar peduncle. The spinal cord caudally, the pons rostrally, the posterior lateral sulcus, dorsally and anterior lateral sulcus rostrally border and the area of the lateral medulla. As the brain is permeated by inter alia, the PICA, interference of the supply of the vascular in posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome can also often lead to some extent of cerebellar function impairment even though it is not regarded an aspect of the illness
Bell’s palsy is a paralysis or weakness of the muscles on one side of your face. It results from damage to the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face, the damage may also affect your sense of taste and how you make tears and saliva. This condition can come on, often overnight and usually gets better on its own within a few weeks. This is not a result of a stroke or transient ischemic attack. This is referred to as a (TIA). Palsy simply means weakness or paralysis,
Sir Charles Bell was the first person to describe, anatomically, the correlation between the facial nerve and facial paralysis which is why it was named after him. However, talk of peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve can be traced all the way back to Hippocrates (Sajadi, 2011). Viral infections are the cause of Bell’s, a few of them are chickenpox, shingles, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, mumps, influenza B and hand-foot-and-mouth disease. When the facial nerve becomes inflamed following a viral infection it can press against bone or become pinched inside the small gap in the bone which damages the protective coating and is what causes the facial weakness or paralysis (Nordqvist, 2017).
Brain complications such as pontine infarction and hemorrhaging lead to injuries of the brain causing stroke, illness and brain damage. When the front part of the brain is affected both pupils become small but when other areas of the brain are affected one pupil dilates as the other