Bell’s palsy is also known as facial palsy. It is the paralysis or weakness of muscles in one side of the face caused by several different viruses. In some rare cases it can affect both sides of the face. It has similar symptoms to a stroke but if it just affects the facial muscles it is likely not a stroke. It was first described in 1821 but can be traced back to 5th century BCE (Sajadi, 2011).
Sir Charles Bell was the first person to describe, anatomically, the correlation between the facial nerve and facial paralysis which is why it was named after him. However, talk of peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve can be traced all the way back to Hippocrates (Sajadi, 2011). Viral infections are the cause of Bell’s, a few of them are chickenpox, shingles, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, mumps, influenza B and hand-foot-and-mouth disease. When the facial nerve becomes inflamed following a viral infection it can press against bone or become pinched inside the small gap in the bone which damages the protective coating and is what causes the facial weakness or paralysis (Nordqvist, 2017).
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Treating Bell’s palsy is as simple as letting it resolve itself or in more severe cases the use of steroids will be necessary. Often, prednisone is used in treating it. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and aspirin will reduce pain and inflammation as well. In more severe cases the eye on the affected side will be unable to close so it needs to be kept lubricated and protected from debris throughout the day and especially while an individual is sleeping (“Bell’s Palsy Fact Sheet”,
Purpose- To identify the functions of the cranial nerve of the peripheral nervous system such as the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and the hypoglossal nerves. I will examine these functions with a series of behavior tests on my partner Jazmine Cooley to see if all nerves are functioning properly and if they are not, then this will be considered an identified dysfunction of a cranial nerve which is a diagnosis. Materials and Methods- Gloves Container full of substance Standardized eye chart Tape line
Treatment options and their success rates vary widely, and proponents of the cause are demanding more recognition, research, and success. The study of Arnold-Chiari malformations can lead to additional questions and new understandings about the I-function, sensory-motor input/output paths and the general make-up of the brain and nervous system, but a complete understanding of the disorder may be a long time coming. Impairment and sometimes loss of motor control of the body and its extremities is one of the many effects of this disorder. Patients may complain of headaches, neck pain, coughing, sneezing, dizziness, vertigo, disequilibrium, muscle weakness, balance problems, and loss of fine motor control (1). The senses (hearing, sight, smell, etc.).
MG patients have only one-third of the normal numbers of acetylcholine receptors which causes weak and easily fatigued muscles. The muscles under voluntary control are affected. The heart muscles, which are under involuntary control, are not affected. In MG generally, the muscles that control the eye and eyelid movement are affected first, causing the eyelids to sag. Some MG patients may develop double or blurred vision. When only the eye muscles are affected, the disease is known as Ocular Myasthenia. Disease symptoms affecting the facial muscles leads to limitations of facial expressions. Victims have difficulty smiling and expressing emotions on their face.
Nonspeech signs associated with hypokinetic dysarthria may include characteristics dealing with the face, eyes, hands, arms, and trunk. The individual may have an expressionless look to their face as well as weakness with gestures in the hands, arms, and face that would normally match the person’s prosody when speaking. Overall, their social interaction with others can be emotionless. Eye blinking occurs less frequently than normal and their head gaze does not match where their eyes are looking. These patients swallow infrequently which leads to drooling. A tremor may be present in the jaw, lips, and tongue as well as limited movement during speech even though strength of these structures is often normal.
“One example of acquire peripheral neuropathy is trigeminal neuralgia (also known as tic doulcunex), in which the damage to the trigeminal nerve (the largest nerve of the head and face) causes episodic attacks of excruitiating, lightning-like pain on one side of the face” (Peripheral Neuropathy Fact Sheet).
For some types of MD, medication can help. Guys with Duchenne MD may be helped by a medicine called prednisone, and teens with myotonic MD might use mexilitine to relax muscles.
... damaged neurons. (Mayo clinic, 2014). This is called neuroplasticity, the ability for the nerves to compensate for damage caused by some outside force. Because of neuroplasticity physical training works to cure some of the paralysis left by the virus and allows us to walk again after the legs or another appendage is deformed or damaged.
In the 1960’s, an Austrian pediatrician, Dr. Andres Rett, recognized a few of his female patients with similar indications of having some type of neurologic disorder but did not fit the cerebral palsy classification (Zoghbi, 2002). Without the knowledge of earlier research, a Swedish physician, Bengt Hagberg, began to openly speak about his observations similarly to Dr. Andres Rett records (Zoghbi, 2002). Bengt Hagberg observed numerous of female patients with this unknown syndrome and was curious in their wringing hand movement that no textbook had information on. In June 1981 Dr. Neil Gordon hosted a board meeting of the European Federations of Child Neurology Societies in Manchester and Bengt Hagberg had the opportunity to share his studies there. The discussion group had other pediatric neurologists that had seen the same behaviors but they all were unable to categorize it into its own identity. As years past, this syndrome has increased and neurologist began to evaluate this syndrome t...
Nurse’s play a very important role in the delivery of care to an older person and in complex disease such as Parkinson’s disease, the care provided by a nurse is vital for both the patient and the family of the affected person. The aim of this essay is to understand briefly about Parkinson’s disease and associated issues and the role of the nurse in the management of the condition.
Epilepsy, also known as “seizure disorder,” or “seizure attack,” is the fourth most common neurological disorder known to mankind, affecting an estimated 2.3 million adults and 467,711 children in the United States. Unfortunately this disorder is becoming far more common and widespread worldwide. This staggering number of cases of people suffering from Epilepsy also involves an average growth rate of 150,000 new cases each year in the United States alone. Generally, many of the people who develop who are a part of the new are mainly either young children or older adults. Your brain communicates through chemical and electrical signals that are all specialized for specific tasks. However, through the process of communication, chemical messengers, also known as neurotransmitters can suddenly fail, resulting in what is known as a seizure attack. Epilepsy occurs when a few too many brain cells become excited, or activated simultaneously, so that the brain cannot function properly and to it’s highest potential. Epilepsy is characterized when there is an abnormal imbalance in the chemical activity of the brain, leading to a disruption in the electrical activity of the brain. This disruption specifically occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), which is the part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord. This causes an interruption in communication between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons; between the axon of one neuron, the message sender and the dendrite of another neuron, the message recipient. Consequently, the effects that epileptic seizures may induce may range anywhere from mild to severe, life-threatening ramifications and complications. There are many different types of seizures associa...
The onset of aphasia is extremely quick. It usually is found in people who have no former history of speech or language problems. The lesion leaves the affected area of the brain unable to function as it did only moments before (Owens 203).Wernicke’s aphasia is caused by damage to Wernicke’s area which can result from head injury, brain tumors, infections, dementia, or the most common cause, stroke. A posterior stroke that is isolated to Wernicke’s area does not result in total weakness of the arm and leg on the opposite ...
Bell’s palsy is a paralysis or weakness of the muscles on one side of your face. It results from damage to the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face, the damage may also affect your sense of taste and how you make tears and saliva. This condition can come on, often overnight and usually gets better on its own within a few weeks. This is not a result of a stroke or transient ischemic attack. This is referred to as a (TIA). Palsy simply means weakness or paralysis,
Facial nerve its function is control muscles of face expression and control taste of the tongue and inside the mouth .there exist some disease related to this part of pons paralysis of the facial nerve ,causes muscle weakness in one side of the face caused by a viral infection or medical error such as putting dental drug incorrectly .
“Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term that refers to a group of disorders affecting a person’s ability to move” (Cerebral Palsy Alliance 2013). The disorder usually does not get any worse; yet it is an irreversible, everlasting illness that does not subside. Cerebral palsy occurs either during pregnancy or after pregnancy as the brain is impaired while in the process of developing. The effects of cerebral palsy are important when factored into a person’s lifestyle because it “can affect a person’s posture, balance, hearing, and ability to move, communicate, eat, sleep and learn. People who have CP may also be prone to seizures and have intellectual impairments (Cerebral Palsy Alliance 2013). The components of forming the word Cerebral Palsy are broken down into “cerebral” referring to the cerebrum which is the portion of the brain that is affected, and “palsy” also known as muscle (My Child 2007).
Brachial Plexus Injuries – damage to the upper spine and goes through the neck, shoulder, arm and hand. This can be minor to severe nerve damage, the most severe us when it results in complete paralysis