Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation History

The American Heart Association estimates that 10,000 to 200,000 lives of adults and children could be saved each year if CPR were performed early enough. For every minute that passes without CPR and defibrillation, however, the chances of survival decrease by 7-10%. Tragically, 64% of Americans have never even seen an AED. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, and emergency medical services have been improving throughout history. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is an important life saving technique which is the only known method that is proven to increase survival rate. This technique was first introduced and showed by Dr. James Elm and Dr. Peter Safar. Later, Dr. Peter Safar wrote a book called “ABC of Resuscitation”. In Amsterdam

As result, organization like these began open around Europe and America. In 1891, Dr. Friedrich Maass performed the first equivocality documented chest compression in humans. In 1903, Dr. George Crile reported the first successful use of external chest compressions in human resuscitation. In 1904, the first American case of closed-chest cardiac massage was performed by Dr. George Crile. In 1954, James Elam was the first to prove that expired air was sufficient to maintain adequate oxygenation. In 1956, Peter Safar and James Elam invented mouth to mouth resuscitation. In 1957, the United States military adopted the mouth to mouth resuscitation method to revive unresponsive victims. In 1960, the American heart association started a program to advise physicians with closed-chest cardiac resuscitation and became the forerunner of CPR training for the general public(History of CPR,1). In 1963, Cardiologist Leonard Scherlis started the American Heart Association’s CPR Committee, and the same year, the American Heart Association formally supported CPR. In 1966, the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences gather

Batelli and Prevost found that weak current could cause ventricular fibrillation and stronger current could stop that. In 1894-1971, Claude Beck was a heart surgeon who focused on operations to improve circulation in damaged heart muscles. He also developed ways to revive heart attack victims, including the defibrillator and CPR. Beck successfully defibrillated his first patient with a defibrillator that was made by James Rand(History of AEDs & Defibrillation,1).In 1952, the Chief of Cardiac Clinic at Beth Israel Hospital, Paul M. Zoll, M.D., demonstrates that external electrical electrical stimulation of a patient’s chest during cardiac arrest could produce an effective heartbeat. In 1956, Dr. Zoll is the first physician to successfully use external defibrillation to regulate heart beat rhythms in patients. This discovery provides significantly to the decrease in heart disease mortality. In 1964, he develops a method for long-term direct electrical heart stimulation through an implanted pacemaker. Implanted cardiac pacemakers derive from his technologic breakthrough and are today a major cardiac therapy. It is estimated that more than 500,000 patients in the U.S. today are kept alive by implanted pacemakers. Defibrillation by emergency medical technicians, without the presence of physicians, was first performed in Oregon in 1969. In 1996,