Theoretical/Ethical Basis of Practice
Phenomenon of Interest
Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality rates throughout the nation. There are over 177,000 reported deaths in the United States and Canada per year. The immediate initiation of bystander CPR upon occurrence can increase the survival rate by 4 times compared to patients who do not receive the lifesaving technique. Unfortunately, less than 5% of bystanders engage in these actions when needed. Explanations for the low rates have been reported as low socioeconomic status, physical hindrances, emotional and religious beliefs, and knowledge deficits. However, advanced practice nurses have the knowledge and skills necessary to improve the rate of bystander CPR within all environments. In this paper, I will discuss bystander CPR
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This theory supports the practice of viewing and caring for each patient as a total human being, instead of individual parts. It acknowledges that the human being and his/her surrounding environment are as one. The environment affects the thoughts and actions of the individual. If the environment is altered, so will the status of the individual. Possessing a healthy emotional and physical state of health and personal environment is necessary for positive outcomes and goals to be achieved and sustained throughout life. The initiation of bystander CPR depends on the knowledge and skills of the individual and surrounding environment. Acquiring the mental knowledge of the importance of the skill and taking the initiative to learn and initiate the physical technique of CPR is of utmost importance when striving for and increased survival rate of patients who undergo cardiac arrest. Existing in and educating the environment of proper technique and mortality rates can also increase the likelihood of patient
There is high risk of death and poor neurological function with unconscious survivors in out of hospital cardiac arrest. Trails were undertaken with the patients after awakening from cardiac arrest, which was compared with Ther...
However, this approach not only lacks objectivity, but it also fails to acknowledge the abnormal physiology that precedes this breakdown in self-care. For instance, it has been reported that 70% of patients preceding cardio-pulmonary arrest had a physiological decline in respiratory or mental function (Schein et al 1990). Observing deterioration in activities of daily living alone does not accurately mirror underlying physiological deterioration occurring in patients.
The proposed change project will introduce CPR training to the schools of Contra Costa County. By educating faculty, students, and parents about the benefits of performing CPR and providing basic CPR training tools, the 70% of people who feel helpless during a cardiac emergency will decrease. Using social media tools, like YouTube, allows a larger population to receive education. Overall, by allowing the project into schools, the number of people who are fearful and or unwilling to perform CPR will increase and thereby improve the chances of survival.
The nursing discipline embodies a whole range of skills and abilities that are aimed at maximizing one’s wellness by minimizing harm. As one of the most trusted professions, we literally are some’s last hope and last chance to thrive in life; however, in some cases we may be the last person they see on earth. Many individuals dream of slipping away in a peaceful death, but many others leave this world abruptly at unexpected times. I feel that is a crucial part to pay attention to individuals during their most critical and even for some their last moments and that is why I have peaked an interest in the critical care field. It is hard to care for someone who many others have given up on and how critical care nurses go above and beyond the call
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), over 350,000 people experience cardiac arrest outside of hospitals every year. Every second that a heart doesn’t beat dramatically decreases a person’s survival rate. CPR is a simple way to keep blood pumping through the body until medical personnel arrive. Only 46 percent of cardiac arrest victims receive CPR, primarily because most bystanders don’t have the proper training. Fortunately, schools are in a unique position to greatly improve that statistic.
To perform CPR, first you must establish unresponsiveness. Try tapping the child and speaking loudly, to provoke a response. Once unresponsiveness has been determined, if you are alone, you should shout for help. Then provide basic life support for approximately one minute before going to call 911. If a second person arrives, send him or her to call the ambulance.
This can be seen in the case study as ethical and legal arise in resuscitation settings, as every situation will have its differences it is essential that the paramedic has knowledge in the areas of health ethics and laws relating to providing health care. The laws can be interpreted differently and direction by state guidelines may be required. Paramedics face ethical decisions that they will be required to interpret themselves and act in a way that they believe is right. Obstacles arise such as families’ wishes for the patients’ outcome, communicating with the key stakeholders is imperative in making informed and good health practice decision. It could be argued that the paramedics in the case study acted in the best interest of the patient as there was no formal directive and they did not have enough information regarding the patients’ wishes in relation to the current situation. More consultation with the key stakeholders may have provided a better approach in reducing the stress and understanding of why the resuscitation was happening. Overall, ethically it could be argued that commencing resuscitation and terminating once appropriate information was available is the right thing to do for the
With the utilization of the internet search engine Bing, I was able to pursue a Pennsylvania State University source from the electronically published brochure Policies Safety & U: 2017 Annual Security Report and Annual Fire Safety Report in PDF form, updated on September 28th. As a well-established institution, Penn State has an accredited reputation that accumulated over the course of the last century and a half, dedicated to education, research, and serving the public through various ways. The current information gives insight into the procedure of the esteemed institution, in addition to other links and sources that can supplement the discussion topic. Being a periodically issued document to all students of the University, it states non-biased procedures, actions to take in case of an emergency, and moreover, crucial information leading to external resources to assist the enrolled scholars in various areas concerning Penn State.
Nobody is perfect. We all make mistakes. Some of the best lessons in life are learned from making a mistake. But in the healthcare world making mistakes means losing lives. This has started to happen so frequently there has been a term coined – Failure to Rescue or FTR. Failure to rescue is a situation in which a patient was starting to deteriorate and it wasn’t noticed or it wasn’t properly addressed and the patient dies. The idea is that doctors or nurses could’ve had the opportunity to save the life of the patient but because of a variety of reasons, didn’t. This paper discusses the concept of FTR, describes ways to prevent it from happening; especially in relation to strokes or cerebrovascular accidents, and discusses the nursing implications involved in all of these factors.
Hammer, L., Vitrat, F., Savary, D., Debaty, G., Santre, C., Durand, M., et al. (2009). Immediate prehospital hypothermia protocol in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 27(5), 570-573.
Fischer, P., Krueger, J., Greitemeyer, T., Kastenmüller, A., Vogrincic, C., Frey, D., Heene, M., Wicher, M., & Kainbacher, M. (2011). The bystander-effect: A meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 517-537.
As you sit in a classroom at the Community College, you may not think that saving a life is something you could do today, but, in fact, it's quite easy to do.
With heart attack, a patient can get worse by the minute with their 90 minutes or less strategy, they can save a patient’s life rapidly. This can help decrease the amount of damage to their heart muscles. It is also important that the employee’s work habits should match the team culture. For example, if just one doctor or nurse has a disagreement with another co-worker over treatment or does not let the other employee’s weigh in on the outcome of a patient can damage the trust of the team. Then the teamwork of the staff in the hospital could decrease and make that environment more vulnerable to mistakes causing a patient to die. With having a well culture work place employees share the same values of treating the patient in a timely matter to make sure they do less damage than they have to (Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson, 2011).
Bibb Latané and John Darley, two psychologists, studied the bystander effect during their experimentation after the murder of Kitty Genovese. The Bystander Effect refers to the effect that bystanders have during the intervention of an emergency. Latané and Darley used a series of experiments to look at different aspects of the bystander effect; The series of experiments included smoke, a lady in distress, hand in the till, stolen beer, “children don’t fight like that,” and fit to be tried (Latané & Darley, 1970). Latané and Darley asked, “What is the underlying force in mankind toward altruism?” and “what determines in a particular situation whether one person will help another?” Their hypothesis was that “the number of other people present
Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (FPDR) has been a controversial topic in hospitals for years. Having family at the bedside during a traumatic event can either be beneficial or detrimental to the staff and family which is why research is essential to determine if family should be at the bedside. There are pros and cons to having a family member present during life saving events. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure for manually preserving brain function until further measures to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest (Merriam-Webster, 2014).