Introduction
The idea behind information security is that data, either personal or commercial, will only be viewed by those for whom it was intended and keeping unwanted eyes away. One of the most popular methods to secure data is the use of passwords and/or PIN numbers that only designated persons know. This type of securing information worked well when the password and/or PIN numbers follow a secure policy, but this method quickly fails when the designated persons that use the secure information mistreat the password and/or PIN numbers.5 The user may write down the key needed to access the information or simply tell it to someone who does not have access; then the information is no longer secure and problems arise. In the case of an organization, they may notice that information is being leaked to a rival and would need to find the source of the leak to prevent it from occurring again.
One of the most recent and secure ways to protect information is through the use of biometrics: which compares a user’s biometric data against the data stored in the system.5 The biometric system is designed to use the following four modules:
1. Sensor Module. The sensor module captures the biometric data from an individual.
2. Feature Extraction Module. The feature extraction module processes the biometric data to extract a feature set, or salient features. Any unnecessary or extraneous information from the feature extraction stage will be discarded. 3
3. Matcher Module. The matcher module compares the feature set against the stored templates in the database to generate matching scores.
4. System Database Module. The system database module is used to store the biometric templates of the enrolled users. 6
Types of Biometric Characteristics
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Accuracy
Unlike password or token based systems, a biometric system does not make a perfect match to grant or deny access. Biometrics can make two basic types of errors: false match and false non-match. In the false match error, the system incorrectly declares the match successful between the input biometric data of a non-matching person in the database. In the false non-match error, the biometric system incorrectly declares the match a failure between the input biometric data and a matching pattern in the database. 4 Along with the errors above, the failure to capture rate and the failure to enroll rate are used to demonstrate biometric system accuracy. The failure to capture rate occurs when the biometric signal is too faint and cannot be located by the system. The failure to enroll rate occurs when the system rejects poor quality inputs during enrollment. 3
By the 19th century, the criminology research scholars have had a keen interest in biometric identification, they hope to combine physical characteristics with criminal tendencies, which resulting in a series of measuring devices, and also collected a large amount of data. Since then, the concept of measuring a person's physical characteristics are finalized, fingerprints also become the identification of international methodological standards for public security agencies. People often debate whether fingerprints have absolutely unique, and also thought that the different countries have the different standard for identifying fingerprints. So far, it is still the most widely methods of public security organs, and the process is also automated.
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
I think that we should use more steps or use the biometric technology to help secure accounts, even though it takes longer and is harder to access your own account. It would also make that much harder for a hacker to access your account. There are still flaws in the fingerprint scanner because just as the new galaxy s5 came out they found a way to get past the fingerprint scanner. So I don’t think they should put biometric technology in just yet because it is not completely secure just yet. People should use the 2-step verification for the time being because it does provide another step the hackers have to go through before they can access an account. They should also use different passwords for every account, it is harder to remember all of the passwords but if you are worried about your internet security than you should use different passwords.
By definition, “biometrics” (Woodward, Orlans, and Higgins, 2003) is the science of using biological properties to identify individuals; for example, fingerprints, retina scans, and voice recognition. We’ve all seen in the movies, how the heroes and the villains have used other’s fingerprints and voice patterns to get into the super, secret vault. While these ideas were fantasy many years ago, today biometrics are being used and you may not even know it.
The Automated Fingerprint Identification System or AFIS is a biometric identification technique that utilizes computerized imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data. The AFIS was initially utilized by the FBI in criminal cases. Recently, it has been utilized for general identification and fraud prevention. This essay will summarize the case, State v. Keith and briefly explain the purposes and impediments of computerized fingerprint systems.
The process of verifying a person’s identity, also called authentication, plays an important role in various areas of everyday life. Any situation with user interaction where the identity is required needs a means to verify the claimed identity. One of the more obvious and commonly known application areas for identity verifying technologies, i.e. authentication, is the Logical Access Control to computer systems, where authenticity is normally established by confirming aclaimed identity with a secret password or PIN code.Traditional methods of confirming the identity of an unknown person rely either upon some secret knowledge (such as a PIN or password) or upon an object the person possesses (such as a key or card). But testing for secret knowledge or the possession of special objects can only confirm the knowledge or presence, and not, that the rightful owner is present. In fact, both could be stolen. Conversely, biometric technology is capable of establishing a much closer relationship between the user’s identity and a particular body, through its unique features or behavior.
Feature maps code these features by utilizing specific feature detectors. This stage occurs early in the process
The ACE-V method that has been in use by fingerprint expert examiners (which has been the subject of controversy) has had several objections raised against them, some of which according to [2] are:
Nowadays, people often use computers to store various personal data, and valuable data on the business of the company and others. Every computer should have security to protect all important data from computer security risk, such as attacks from hackers, crackers and also cyber terrorisms. A computer security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss or damage to computer hardware, software, data, or information. The intruders acted intentionally or accidentally. Some intruders breach the computer security by accessing data without modifying the data and some of them access, modify and sometimes delete the data. An intentional breach of computer security often involves a deliberate act that is against the law.
Biometrics is the act of science to verify and identify a human being. Biometrics confirmation crown or judge numerous improvements over conventional approaches. Biometrics can be categorized into two types: Behavioral and physiological. Behavioral biometrics including signature verification, keystrokes dynamics. Physiological biometrics including fingerprints and iris characteristics .The signature verification and signature recognition are the behavioral biometrics. Signature is act of writing person’s name that may contain many alphabets, characters and letters. In signature verification scan the signature of person, done some improvements
Authentication which contains known by user (like password, PIN, Phrase and pass code), accessories own by user (like Keypads, smart cards and tokens) and something personally related to the user’s body (Biometric systems including voice recognition, fingerprinting and retinal scanners).
In Section1 of this paper Introduction about fingerprint biometrics and required terms are discussed. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes related work on fingerprint verification. The proposed method for wet and wrinkled fingerprints is described in Section 3. Section 4 concludes the paper.
As one of the feature of biometric, signature verification is used to find the authenticity of a person to give the access the most valued and important documents and shelf. Firstly the signature of a person are taken as a reference in database. To generate the database, number of attempts from the same person has been taken, as it would permit minute deviations in signatures that generates due to environmental conditions. Once it is done, then the signatures at other times are every time then verified with the existing database. Because of confidentially of the file/document/transaction giving access is the crucial process that should be monitored with perfection. The same happens with offline signature verification. Computerized process and verification algorithm (thus software) takes fully care of signature under test, generate results that are 100% authentic, and advocates credibility of the concerned person .However, there might raise issue of authenticity even if the same person performs the signature. Or, at times a forge person may duplicate the exact signature. Many research have been done to find the accuracy of result so as to prevent from forgery. Forgery is also divided into different categories depending upon their severity as
Privacy exist wherever personal information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. The challenge of data privacy is to use data while safe-guarding individual's privacy preferences and their personally identifiable information. The fields of computer security, data security, and information security design and utilize software, hardware, and human resources to address this issue.
A typical vein pattern biometric system consists of five individual processing stages: Image Acquisition, ROI extraction, Image enhancement and Vein Pattern Segmentation, Feature Extraction and Matching, as shown in Figure 1. The acquisition of hand veins is generally done using infrared (IR) imaging. The IR imaging for veins is of two types namely near infrared (NIR) in the range of 0.75μm to 2μm and far infrared (FIR) in...