ASSIGNMENT-1
Extended Boolean Retrieval for Systematic Biomedical Reviews
Vaishnavi Asati
2015HT13305
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Searching Documents, that is the most tedious task in any research and literature activity. The same task is to be performed while preparing systematic reviews of biomedical literature and research. The most common method used is by developing complex Boolean queries post which result of each document of the final query in each iteration, is assessed and checked for relevance accordingly. But, the drawback here is that the result size for each query is inconvenient to control and also, difficult to manage the volume of the search result and with that also to avoid excluding the relevant documents required for the search.
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Ranking allows to choose the number of documents which are to be reviewed and inspected. However, when this technique was used, it did not show that much significant improvements in the results size over the Boolean technique, when user ranked the queries based on Title, research question or inclusion criteria. The drawbacks of ranking is that ranking is very dependent on the properties of the entire collection thus making it highly impossible to reproduce or even understand the logic. And reproducibility is quiet important to check the quality of the review done.
Thus, due to all the above issues, the efficiency of the search result is also reduced which makes the search technique quite laborious and time-consuming for any particular user. We can say that the Boolean Retrieval Model is a bit obsolete technique for search engines. So, as of now, the Boolean Retrieval Model is not widely used as the simple queries are mostly producing similar results for the search but for new layman users, they are easy to use and generate
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This approach is called Evidence-based medicines study which require systematic reviews of both the current and legacy or prior literature which are then used as tools to thoroughly go through and survey the literature and analyze all the literature to avoid biasing towards any publication in a significant amount of time provided to the researcher. The search is performed using Complex Boolean queries. The Boolean queries are used to search in databases with millions of documents and citation entries. Then a final search strategy is determined, and all the documents that are retrieved are segregated according to their relevance. Other methods are also used to broaden the search such as manual searching of documents for conferences and looking up in citations forward and backward. These queries are also used in multiple dimensions but the complexity of the queries is very
An example of evidence based practice would be to find relevant studies for a specific topic area being researched. For example, to find the research paper titled ‘The efficiency of cotton cover gowns in reducing infection in nursing Neutropenic patients,’ the journal in which the article was published in this case, The International Journal of Nursing, would need to be found. Medline, an online database would be one method of finding this. A list of relevant search terms would then need to be researched by using the PICO Framework, this limits the search to only relevant items and ensures that a well built clinical question will then be formulated (Drummond,1998).
Homeostasis is the biological process that maintains a stable internal environment despite what occurs in the external environment. Chemicals and bodily functions are maintained in a balanced state so the body may function optimally. There are various systems in the human body that require maintenance through the processes of biochemical checks and balances so they may function properly. One of these systems includes the rise and fall of blood glucose and is under the control of the homeostatic regulation process. Homeostasis is essential in blood glucose regulation as high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and low blood glucose levels (hypoglycaemia) are dangerous and can affect the human body in many ways and can also lead
Sackett, D.L., Rosenberg, W.M.C., Muir Gray, J.A., Haynes, R.B., & Richardson, W.S. (1996). Evidence-based medicine: what it is and what it isn't.(Editorial).British Medical Journal. 313 : 71.
4.True or False? Every search engine returns the same results. False! Every search engine has its on way of searching the material and therefore they don't return with the same information. Sometimes the search engines will give the result plus extra information and some don't give any information that is valuable.
Polly Beam, J. S. (n.d.). Levy Library. Evidence Based Medicine Tutorial. 1.3 What’s Best: The Evidence Hierarchy. Retrieved April 9, 2014, from http://libguides.mssm.edu/hierarchy
Endocrinology can be defined as the study of the structure and function of the endocrine system (Tortora & Grabowski 1996). The endocrine system is composed cells, known as endocrine cells, which are distributed around the body and produce the chemical messengers known as hormones. Following secretion by endocrine cells, hormones travel in the blood where they affect tissues outside of their tissue of origin - and are therefore a form of cellular communication. In multicellular organisms, such as humans, cellular communication is essential for a number of body processes and the maintenance of homeostasis (Campbell, N.A. et al. 2015). In this essay, I am going to outline some of a number of body
This paper focuses on the benefits of stem cell research in the medical and nursing field. New technology is always being created to help us understand the way the human body works, as well as ways to help us improve diseased states in the body. Our bodies have the ability to proliferate or regrow cells when damage is done to the cells. Take for example the skin, when an abrasion or puncture to the skin causes loss of our skin cells, the body has its own way of causing those cells to regrow. The liver, bone marrow, heart, brain, and muscle all have cells that are capable of differentiating into cells of that same type. These are called stem cells, and are a new medical tool that is helping regrow vital organs in our body to help us survive. Stem cells can come from adult cells, or the blastocyst of the embryo. The cells that come from these are undifferentiated, and can be specialized into certain cell types, making them available for many damaged tissues in the body. While using stem cells in the body is a main use, they are also being used to help doctors understand how disease processes start. By culturing these cells in the lab and watching them develop into muscles, nerve cells, or other tissues, researchers are able to see how diseases affect these cells and possibly discover ways to correct these diseases. While researchers have come very far in using stem cells, there are still many controversies to overcome when using these cells.
Biomedical engineering is a branch of science that connects engineering sciences with biological sciences that started around the 1940s (Citron & Nerem, 2004). Biomedical engineering is the discipline that promotes learning in engineering, biology, chemistry, and medicine. The objective for biomedical engineers is to enhance human health by incorporating engineering and biomedical sciences to solve problems. Some of the accomplishments made from biomedical engineering are prosthetics, robotic and laser surgery, implanted devices, imaging devices, nanotheranostics and artificial intelligence. As we head towards the future, biomedical engineering is anticipated to become an even greater part of the medical industry and bring about innovating
This photo titled “Anatomy Classroom,” is probably one of the most interesting photos that I’ve ever critiqued. I’d say that I love this photo mainly for the colors captured and the message that I get from looking at this photo, which I will cover later in this post.
In 2002, a group of Australian researchers published a paper entitled the "Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance". Caffeine use during sporting events has become much more popular and has widely studied. The purpose of the research was to examine the work increasing (ergogenic) effects of differing regiments of caffeine on metabolism and performance while simulating the typical nutritional preparation an athlete would do for a race. The study also sought to examine the effect of timing of caffeine intake, comparing results when caffeine was given before an event (precaf) to results from caffeine given during an event (durcaf). In addition, the researchers wanted to understand the practice of endurance athletes drinking defizzed Coca-Cola towards the end of a race. It was widely observed that many triathletes and marathoners feel they derive a boost from consuming Coca-Cola in the final stages of an event as a replacement to sports drinks.
Sackett, D.L et al. (1996). Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. British Medical Journal, 312: 71.
This meta-analysis has helped me view myself and feel like an expert in my field of study, understanding the difficult requirements of success. Also, it has increased my confidence in the course I am currently undertaking. When there are stipulated search strategies and methodically data-base searches there is a very low possibility of having errors, brought about by gaps which contain crucial parts of a piece of work. I also made many mistakes and this sometimes is necessary. Because I made so many mistakes, I had to learn a lot more and spend a lot more time analyzing studies, which gave me a better understanding of diabetes as well, getting a better idea of how medications become used in clinical practice.
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The history of anatomy and physiology dates back to ancient Egyptian times when humans were mummified after death and bodies would be stripped of their internal organs during the embalming process. It was not until much later when Hippocrates II, known as the father of medicine, was the first to write about human anatomy. Shortly after that, the Alexandrian Medical School was established, where human dissection was allowed for the first time, which promoted research and new discoveries in the field. From there, many other influential researchers came up with theories regarding the cardiovascular and nervous systems, etc; however, the missing links in some of the earlier theories was found with the discovery of the microscope, which changed the focus of research and led to many advancements in the field.
Many people don't know what biomedical engineers do. A biomedical engineer’s job is actually quite interesting. They analyze and create solutions to improving the quality and effectiveness of patient care. They also design technology to accommodate the needs of people with disabilities. They have a big role in helping people begin new lives. The main job of a biomedical engineer is to help create prosthetic limbs or organs for those who are in need of one.