Biological Printing
The 3D printing of biological materials could potentially create an efficient alternative for patients who may be waiting to receive an organ as well as creating a new advancement while facilitating and increasing the success rate of surgeries performed by doctors. Bio-printing is the 3D printing of biological materials such as human organs and tissue by using cells from the individual’s body as well as other materials such as metals, plastic, powders, and liquids to make up an organ that will eventually take the place of the original organ, also known as stereolithography. The process Stereolithography was first seen in 1983, when invented by Charles Hull and several colleagues. The cost of Bio-printers can range from 10,000
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Not only is it an amazing medical advancement but a quick and efficient alternative to organ transplants. As the bio-printing technology advances the need and use of organ donors will diminish and can potentially eliminate it. The pressure will no longer be there for individuals when having to decide whether or not they want to be an organ donor. Because it can create an organ within hours’ patients may no longer have to wait as long to receive an organ transplant if they are in critical condition. Biological printing saves time, for the time a patient waits as well as recovery time, and time spent in surgery. Because the organ is used from the individuals cultured cells the organ adapts to the body easier than an organ cultured from another individual increasing the success rate of the surgery and lowering any further complications such as rejection. It can also be an alternative for patients with severe burns. They will no longer have to use animal cultures to replace the skin; the patient can have their cells cultured and used in the print. Bio-printing allows individuals to live longer lives. For example, a patient who may be suffering from kidney failure can have his original kidney replaced with a bio-printed kidney and continue to live a healthy life. The patient would not have to go to dialysis for the rest of his life and can …show more content…
Although bio-printing has been around since the early 1980’s there are still questions that have been unanswered. Such as what happens to the bio-printed organ after being in your body for several years? What if the recipient is a baby? The child will continue to grow, does that affect the organ? Does it ever begin to decompose or does the metal within ever begin to oxidize even if it is minimal? Also having a bio-printed organ that may not function exactly as the original organ would is a concern as well. Also, because there is a maximum of how thick the wall of the bio-printed organ can be in width there is a lack of nutrients and oxygen within the organ so channels are printed within, in hopes that they become blood vessels. One of the major problems that scientist are currently facing is that blood vessels are what keep organs in the body up and going, so without blood vessels how is the organ supposed to work? A concern that an individual may also have is being allergic to a material that is used in the print, can it be replaced with another substance? How will that affect the print? With time, the process will advance and new discoveries will be made that will provide answers and allow the process to further progress. There are also ethical issues within the idea of bio-printing. Like when a patient is receiving an
Brendan Maher, in his article “How to Build a Heart” discusses doctor’s and engineer’s research and experimentation into the field of regenerative medicine. Maher talks about several different researchers in this fields. One is Doris Taylor, the director of regenerative medicine at the Texas Heart Institute in Houston. Her job includes harvesting organs such as hearts and lungs and re-engineering them starting with the cells. She attempts to bring the back to life in order to be used for people who are on transplant waiting lists. She hopes to be able to make the number of people waiting for transplants diminish with her research but it is a very difficult process. Maher says that researchers have had some successes when it comes to rebuilding organs but only with simples ones such as a bladder. A heart is much more complicated and requires many more cells to do all the functions it needs to. New organs have to be able to do several things in order for them to be used in humans that are still alive. They need to be sterile, able to grow, able to repair themselves, and work. Taylor has led some of the first successful experiments to build rat hearts and is hopeful of a good outcome with tissue rebuilding and engineering. Scientists have been able to make beating heart cells in a petri dish but the main issue now is developing a scaffold for these cells so that they can form in three dimension. Harold Ott, a surgeon from Massachusetts General Hospital and studied under Taylor, has a method that he developed while training. Detergent is pumped into a glass chamber where a heart is suspended and this detergent strips away everything except a layer of collagen, laminins, and other proteins. The hard part according to Ott is making s...
This will even be further refined and we will simply print out replacement parts as needed using a modified 3-d printer similar to what we have today. Whether printed or grown this advancement will have the potential to extended human life well beyond what we currently think the limits are. The pros for this advancement would be simply that what we consider life altering diseases or accidents would simply be a temporary condition until replacement parts are either printed or grown and then used to replace the defective areas. This has a clear potential to end several common modern conditions and allow people a normal life beyond what we can manage today. Cons to this advancement are numerous but the most apparent is when we combine genetic manipulation and this technology we can produce genetically superior body parts. Thus, the human condition we have at birth will be thrown out and replaced with something beyond our imagination. This also has a con in that as with genetic manipulation towards a superior human if someone had an ulterior motive they could in fact insert a type of gene marker that if activated could potentially kill the recipient or be used to control a person through either overt blackmail or covert control. AS is the case with all advancements we have looked at thus far we would need to manage this one and ensure the safety of anything being used to replace a body part is not modified to the detriment of the person receiving the replacement
Social Security is a major social program that provides benefits to multiple groups of people within the United States. These benefits include payments for pensions, disability, and unemployment compensation just to name a few. The majority of social security beneficiaries are retired workers and the remaining are pension recipients, disabled workers, dependent spouses, and children of retired or deceased workers respectively (Hyman, 2011). Social Security is financed through a taxpayer payroll tax, in addition to an employer’s portion that is matched and paid directly to the government on a quarterly basis. The employer portion of Social Security is usually not transparent to employees, but is a requirement for companies by law. In addition, self-employed individuals are also required by law to pay their own portions of OASDI and Medicare. Overall, the eligibility requirements for Social Security benefits are based on paying a tax through a place of employment and can be collected once workers have reached their assigned retirement age or become disabled. The employee and employer contribution rate is 6.2% (7.65% include FICA), up to the maximum wage base of $113,700.
greatly beneficial to the organ market, the economy, and society as a whole because of it allows organ
By applying research from cloning normal cells to cloning stem cells, a wider range of people can be helped, and the cost of procedures will be lowered. Scientific research into cloning will allow doctors study how to safely replicate
One of the most exciting new technologies being developed today is the manufacture of replacement body parts to be used to treat illnesses in humans. Today, this is accomplished in part through the use of bio-printing to 3-D print living cells into more complex structures. In the movie, The Fifth Element, there is a scene that takes this technology to the extreme and manufactures an entirely new human. The process used in the movie starts from a sample of one cell, preserved inside of a metal gauntlet, and then proceeds to recreate the person whose cell that used to be. The print in the movie is physically done by creating one part of the body, such as the skeleton, at a time. The entire print in the movie only takes around two minutes.
In order to analyze its pros and cons, we need to know the technology first. As one of the advertisements states, “3D Printing: Make anything you want”. Of course, with the current maturity of this technology, this line exaggerates its effects, yet it certainly has a point. 3D printing is “a mechanical process whereby solid objects are created by ‘printing’ successive layers of material to replicate a shape modeled on a computer.
PRINTING PRESS AND STANDARDISATION In 1476, William Caxton introduced England to the printing press. This significant introduction to one of the world’s greatest technological innovations, at the time, helped to increase the spread of literacy and knowledge amongst the British people as the mass production of books became cheaper and more commonly available. According to Mastin (2011), the first book ever printed, although Caxton’s own interpretation was ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ in 1473. Furthermore, Mastin (2011) states that in the following 150 years after the introduction of printing, up to 20000 books were printed.
The field of bioprinting, using 3D printing technology for producing live cells with extreme accuracy, could be the answer to many of the problems we as humans face in the medical field. It could be the end to organ waiting lists and an alternative for organ transplants. In 3D printing technology lies the potential to replace the testing of new drugs on animals. However, the idea of applying 3 dimensional printing to the health industry is still quite new and yet to have a major impact. Manufacturing working 3D organs remains an enormous challenge, but in theory could solve major issues present today.
The changes it could bring are amazing, there is really no reason to stop learning more about helping to heal the human body. Works Cited Work Citations The "Genetic Engineering" 123HelpMe.com. 08 May 2017 http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=67046>. King James Version. Arizona:
Many patients in hospitals are waiting for transplants and many of them are dying because they are not receiving the needed organs. To solve this problem, scientists have been using embryonic stem cells to produce organs or tissues to repair or replace damaged ones (Human Cloning). Skin for burn victims, brain cells for the brain damaged, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys can all be produced. By combining the technology of stem cell research and human cloning, it will be possible to produce the needed tissues and organs for patients in desperate need of a transplant (Human Cloning). The waiting list for transplants will become a lot shorter and a lot less people will have to suffer and die just because they are in great need of a transplant....
Paper in 20th-century civilization, is one of our most important industrial products. Books, magazines, and newspapers are printed on paper. Data from computers are usually printed on paper. Education, government and industry could not operate without printing and writing on paper. Paperboard (used in packaging), and absorbent papers (tissue and towelling) are other widely used paper products.
Imagine printing what ever it is you need from your own office or home. In addition to that, you will have full control customizing the product and the printer will have no difficulties achieving your designs. All you have to buy is the ink and the material additives and the printer will do the rest.
To reiterate, bioengineering will bring hope to the people who are in need of organ and body replacements in order to live a completed life. They will no longer need to wait weeks, months, or years for transplants that may or may not be given to them on time. Bioengineering will help solve medical problems of human beings using engineering concepts. Bioengineers will not only help the person’s medical complication, but it will also help their mentality, of feeling better about themselves and avoiding suicidal thoughts. I believe that bioengineering will create a new world where transplant lists will be immensely reduced, a world where there will be fewer disabilities, and a world where many lives will be saved. Bioengineering will change the world.
These procedures hold infinite possibilities in the practice of healing the sick. Of all of the procedures mentioned, cloning is the only method that has been given any amount of serious research. Cloning could do away with the need for organ transplants. Instead of a transplant, a new organ could be cloned, thus removing any chance that the body might reject the organs. Nano-robotics can be used to fight off foreign infections and repair internal wounds.