1. Define motivation and emotion.
Motivation, can be called the goal directed behavior. Motivation is the internal state or condition that activates and gives direction to our thoughts, felling and actions. (Lahey, B. 2012) Motivation prompts us to take action, and gives us direction to our thoughts. Emotion is positive or negative feelings generally in reaction to stimuli that are accompanied by physiological arousal and related behavior. (Lahey, B. 2012) When we are afraid we have an unpleasant feeling, and when we are happy the feeling is the opposite of unpleasant.
2. Explain the biological and psychological aspects of both motivation and emotion.
Motivation and emotions are forces or feelings that drive us to take action. Achievement motivation is the psychological need for success. People are motivated to by means of learning new skills, competition with other people, or a fear of failure. (Lahey, B. 2012) Many psychologist think that we are born with basic emotions. As we grow and learn these emotions change. The instinct theory states that
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What are the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Maslow hierarchy of needs has different levels. There is the Physiological need. These are our basic needs for survival. These are very basic and instinctive needs. The Second is Security Needs. The need for security and safety like shelter, employment, and health care. The third need is the need for social. Social needs are less basic than the prior needs or physiological and security. This is the need for friends, relationships, and companionship. (Lahey, B. 2012) The fourth need is esteem needs. Esteem needs are things that reflect on our self-esteem or personal recognition and accomplishments. The fifth level is self-actualizing needs. Self –actualizing needs is the need to personal growth. If the lower needs in the hierarchy are not met, then higher motives will not operate. (Lahey, B. 2012)
4. Define sex, gender, sexuality, and sexual
According with Maslow, all human being do have the same innate needs that active and drive their behaviors. These needs were organized from stronger to weaker in a pyramid known as hierarchy of needs, where the stronger need should be meet before people can have the need to accomplish the weaker one. Moreover, people can go back to the first need at any point of their life. The first two need are known as deficit needs or biological needs because without them people create a deficit in their body. The last three one are known as growth or psychological needs and are not essential for human survival.
The author trusts that all humans have some level of motivation as long as they exist. In turn, there are several well-known classic approaches that consider motivation such as instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, and humanistic approaches. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe all in detail, but a brief synopsis of each follows: (1) Instinct approach theorists suggest that humans have many diverse instincts that are biologically determined and cause innate patterns of behaviors such as reproducing, territorial protection, curiosity, acquisition, and fight, flight or freeze to name a few (McDougall, 1908). (2) Drive-reduction theory proposes that individuals have needs that are essential for survival and this need cause a tension to act called a drive. These drives entail primary drives for physical needs such as water and food, and acquired drives realized through conditioning or experience such as the need for income or social acceptance; whereas, one must meet the need to reduce the drive to return to a state of homeostasis (Hull, 1943). (3) Theorists who support an Arousal approach believe that humans are motivated by stimulation and people develop an optimal level of stimulus tension; whereas, task performances may suffer if the level is too high such as severe test anxiety or even too low such as boredom
Motivation is defined as the process that guides, initiates, and maintains goal orientated behavior and thought (Cherry, 2013). Motivation is what drives individuals to do what they do, whether it is something as simple as getting a drink because he or she are thirsty or something as big as getting up every day and gong to work for a paycheck.
Goals and desires require an individual to be motivated to move from one state of being to the next. This motivation encompasses the emotional, cognitive, social, and biological drives that trigger behavior. Accordingly, the word motivation befalls the frequently used description of why an individual achieves a goal, and the word motivation comes from the Latin word movere, which means “to move.” Therefore, motivation stands as the state that “moves” an individual to behave in certain ways. For example, when a person is relaxing on the beach on a warm summer day and begins to feel hot, the physical need to cool down might cause a person to stand up, go to the water for a dip. If the heat is great enough, the person might even leave the beach
In 1954 an American psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that all people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchical pyramid of needs. At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid are needs essential to survival, such as the needs for food, water, and sleep. The need for safety follows these physiological needs. According to Maslow, higher-level needs become important to us only after our more basic needs are satisfied. These higher needs include the need for love and 'belongingness', the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization (In Maslow's theory, a state in which people realize their greatest potential) (All information by means of Encarta Online Encyclopedia).
According to Robbins et al; (Robbins et al, pg 296) motivation refers to the process by which a persons efforts are energized, sustained, and directed towards a goal. This definition has three key elements: energy, direction, and persistence. Motivation is a complex and important subject, has historically been given a great deal of attention by Psychologists, who have proposed theories to explain it. (Riggio, pg 188),
Abraham Maslow, a neo-freudian psychologist, created the hierarchy of needs in order to communicate what needs need to be achieved. Those needs are organized in a tier like diagram. The needs according to Maslow are: Biological and physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and finally self-actualization.Ed meets his personal needs up to self-actualization but tends to look at other for what he should be
motivation is a behavior that makes people want to struggle all the time until he or she achieved the things that they all wanted. motivation can be divided into two ways, intrinsic and extrinsic. the intrinsic one usually comes from his or her desire and this method is really proven that it can possibly achieved if this intrinsic method is used because we do not need to rely on people around like friends mostly. the extrinsic one is the reversal from the intrinsic that we rely on the people who taught us to be motivated and this method quite or often proven or succeed because human also need a help each other.
What is motivation? According to text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s H...
Physiological needs are requirements necessary to sustain life such as water, air, shelter, warmth, and food (McLeod). Maslow argued that these needs take priority before individuals can act based on further needs. If an individual is having trouble breathing, or having an asthma attack, this individual's behavior will be driven by this and the motivation to improve their breathing will take precedence over any other concerns. Of course, people can go limited amounts of time without food or water and still operate among the higher levels, but at the extreme levels, can severely alter and drive a person's behavior. Assuming the physiological needs are met, the next level is Safety and Security Needs. This level encompasses not only bodily safety, but things such as financial safety and emotional safety and security (McLeod). When the economy goes into a recession and people's financial safety and security needs are severely affected, people tend to behave differently due to the lack of security. Social needs, which is a level above Safety and Security, will become reprioritized as individuals can stop going out with friends and start working additional hours or two jobs in order to conserve funds. The need for love and belonging, comprises the middle level of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid. It is a need to feel belonging to a particular group of people such as friends, family, coworkers,
Motivation and Emotion (pg. 354) both play an important part in our daily life. Motivation helps us understand why we do things a certain way or why our behaviors change unexpectedly. While emotion shows our relationships with others and our health, and making important decisions. Motivation comes from the latin word “movere” which means to move where one starts on activities until one's psychological needs are fulfilled. An example in the chapter is “when a person is relaxed in front of the television and begins to feel hungry, the physical need for food might cause the person to get up, go into the kitchen, and search for something to eat”(Ciccarelli). But, there are two different types of motivation, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. In
According to Greenberg (1999) motivation is defined "as a process of arousing, directing and maintaining behaviour towards a goal." Where directing' refers to the selection of a particular behaviour; and maintenance' refers to the inclination to behave with consistency in that manner until the desired outcome is met.
Motivation and emotion are usually viewed as two psychological features that seemingly share cause-and-effect relationship. We often see motivation as something that stimulates a person to act and behave to achieve a desired goal, while emotion is the feelings that emerge from the motive or drive itself, from the actions caused by the motive and from the achievement or failure of the desired goal. However. Motivation has been defined in different ways over the years, but a common component of the different definitions is that motivation is a force that energizes, activates and directs behaviour. In 2006, Franken defined motivation as the “arousal, direction and persistence of a person’s behaviour”. Motivation has been defined in various ways
¡§Motivation¡¨ derives from the Latin verb ¡§movere¡¨ which means ¡§to move¡¨. Beck (2004, p.3) defined Motivation as an internal state which is the driving force that activates behaviour or gives directions to thoughts, feelings and actions of an organism.
The Hierarchy of needs theory, by Maslow, shows the basic and the advanced needs that the person should fulfill to reach his or her highest potential. That is why the theory is best depicted as a pyramid including seven stages. The first stage is physiological needs: water, body temperature, sleep, and sex. When one satisfies those needs, he or she can go to the next stage. Safety needs is the second stage. Here, the person is concerned about his safety and stability, so he tries to find a good job to support himself financially, and also find a good home in a safe place. The third stage is belongingness and love. To love and be loved and accepted becomes very important in this stage, so the person starts to worry about his relationships. Being accepted and loved will lead successfully to the fourth stage, which is esteem needs. In this level, the person is more concerned about achieving and gaining approval. Ones those needs are fulfilled, the cognitive needs come to be a priority. This fifth level is attained by seeking knowledge and explor...