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Antoine laurent lavoisier brief biography
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Antoine Lavoisier Biography
Cody Sears
Teacher: Mrs. Kepler
Language Arts
26 february 2014
The chemist I have chosen is Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. As you might know, he was a fabulous chemist. Antoine Lavoisier is famous for formulating the theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen. He also co-authored the modern system for the nomenclature of chemical substances. I have chosen this chemist because he is not one of those people that boast about all their accomplishments, but his achievements are crucial to science development. Antoine kept his accomplishments to himself. All of his achievements are fascinating to me. In this biography, I will be talking about his background, main accomplishments, and my opinion about his interesting story.
Antoine Lavoisier was born on August 26th, 1743 in Paris, France. When Antoine Lavoisier was 5 years old, his mother passed away. Therefore, he inherited a huge fortune from his family when he was five. With that money, he attended the respected college Mazarin where he specialized in mathematics, botany, astronomy, and chemistry ...
middle of paper ... ... The Web. 22 Feb. 2014. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history>.
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833. By the age of 17 he was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. Early in his life he had a huge interest in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred's father disliked his interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted. In order to widen Alfred's horizons his father sent him to different institutions for further training in chemical engineering. During a two-year period he visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States. He came to enjoy Paris the best. There he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T. J. Pelouze, a famous chemist. He also met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine.
Laplace was the child of a worker agriculturist. At a young age, he immediately demonstrated his scientific capacity at the military foundation in Beaumont. In 1766 Laplace entered the University of Caen, yet he cleared out for Paris the following year, without taking a degree. He touched base with a letter of proposal to the mathematician Jean d'Alembert, who helped him secure a residency at the École Militaire, where he educated from 1769 to 1776.
He was born on September 6, 1757, in Chavaniac, France to a prestige’s military family. By the age of twelve he was a very rich orphan. Life moved at a very fast pace in the 1700’s and Marquis de Lafayette found himself joining the royal army at the age of fourteen. Then at the age of sixteen he allied himself to one of one of the richest families in France by marring fourteen year old Marie Adrienne Francoise de Noailles. Her family was also closely related to the king.
William Scheele’s life was one of humble beginnings. Born on December 19, 1742 he was one of a pack of 11 children. His formal training or education in science was of the bare minimum. By the age of fourteen, a firm by the name of Martin Anders Bauch in Gothenburg had accepted him as an apprentice as a pharmacist. This initial access to various chemicals, compounds, and books gave Wilhelm Scheele just he start he needed for beginning his career into chemistry. When the firm changed hands, Carl Wilhelm Scheele took a job with another company name Kjellström where, once again, he was provided the mean and permission to experiment. Scheele once again changed positions and moved to Stockholm where he continued in a pharmacy. Here his first discoveries were made (http://mattson.creighton.edu/History_Gas_Chemistry/Scheele.html). In 1769 with the help of a man named Anders John Retzius, Scheele isolated tartaric acid, a substance used on lenses, from cream of tartar (Tartaric Acid 1). Scheele made his big break however in 1770. Through various methods, Scheele was able to isolate oxygen. His discovery of “Fire Air� precipitated numerous awards including a membership to the Royal Academy of Sciences, a position never before, and not even to present day to be given to a pharmacist (http://mattson.creighton.edu/History_Gas_Chemistry/Scheele.html). His home town, in an effort to keep him, also found him a place to set up his pharmacy.
In the history of chemistry, there was a chemist who left the world with intense debate about his the merits and demerits. He is the world-famous German physical chemist, inventor of ammonia Fritz Haber. The people who praised Haber say he was an angel, bring joy and harvest to mankind. The people whom cursed him say that he is a devil, a disaster for humanity, suffering and death. Haber was born in Silesia Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) on December 9, 1868, his father was a knowledgeable and good Jewish businessman, and this family environment impacted his fate with chemistry. Haber was very talented and mastered plenty of chemistry knowledge at a young age. He went to Berlin, Heidelberg, and Zurich to study. After graduating from the University of Jena, Haber was engaged in organic chemistry research. His paper once caused a sensation in the chemical industry. When Haber was 19, he was granted in Germany, the Royal Institute of Technology Ph.D., and in 1896 at Karlsruhe University as a lecturer. 1901 Haber married Clara Immerwahr and in 1906, Haber became professor of physical chemistry and electrochemistry.
A master and maker in many fields, Linus Pauling lived a very long and productive life spanning nearly the entire twentieth century. By the time he was in his twenties, he had made a name for himself as a scientist. After many significant contributions including his work on the nature of the chemical bond, he turned to chemical biology and is generally accepted as the founder of molecular biology. Later in his life he became very involved in issues of politics and peace for which he is somewhat less well known. In his later years, he became interested in health and medicine and specifically in the use of vitamin C to prevent ailments from the common cold to cancer.
Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France in 1822. He was born the son of a poor tanner, so growing up his social status was low. However, he was able to go to school. At first, though, he did not study science he studied math. He then studied science in eastern France, when in college, and his professor even said that he was “mediocre in chemistry” (Hart). After receiving his doctorate in 1847 he was quick, however to prove that his professor had been quite wrong. His research regarding isomers of tartaric acid made his name well known around the world by the age of only 26.
Sir Alexander Fleming changed the world of medicine not only in his days but also in the world today. We have the medicines and antibiotics that we have today because of Alexander Fleming. His discovery was much needed in the world and I hate to think where we would be in the medicine world if he hadn’t discovered penicillin.
Sootin, Harry, and Gustav Schrotter.Robert Boyle : founder of modern chemistry. New York: F. Watts, 1962. Print.
1. Brown, Theodore L., H. Eugene LeMay Jr., Bruce E. Bursten. Chemistry: The Central Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000.
Auguste Escoffier was born on October 28, 1846, in the village of Villeneuve-Loubet, France. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste Escoffier and his wife Madeleine Civatte. His father was the villages blacksmith, farrier, locksmith, and maker of agricultural tools. Escoffier's childhood dream was to become a sculptor. Unfortunately he was forced to give up that dream at the age of thirteen, just after he celebrated his first Holy Communion Escoffier was told he was going to be a cook.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck was born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in France. He was the youngest of eleven children in a family with a tradition of military service; his father and several of his brothers were soldiers. He served in the military during the Seven Years War and, at the age of only 17, was awarded for bravery for his actions on the battlefield. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck became the Chevalier de Lamarck, or Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, the name he was known by. Later, when Lamarck retired injured, he took natural history. He first studied botany under the naturalist Bernard de Jussieu. The product of this ten-year period of research was Lamarck's Flore françoise, a book on the plant life of France that brought its author into the front rank of French naturalists.
A highly recognized character in the areas of chemistry was Ernest Rutherford. His distinctive ideas created discoveries and theories that made him famous, up to a point that he's even being considered the father of nuclear physics, not an everyday title. Nowadays we know of certain types of rays thanks to Edward, even though he basically named them. A sturdy example would be the gamma rays, that are used in therapeutic machines. Ernest basically implanted a seed in science which later developed into massive discoveries.
Augustin-Louis Cauchy was French mathematician born on August 21, 1789 and died on May 23, 1857. Lagrange, another famous mathematician, was no stranger to the Cauchy family. Using Lagrange’s advice, Augustin-Louis Cauchy enrolled at the Ecole Centrale du Pantheon. This school was the best secondary school of Paris at the time. The curriculum of the school was mostly classical languages. Cauchy was a very young and ambitious student and also very brilliant. As he went through school he won many prizes in Latin and Humanities. Despite his many successes, Augustin-Louis decided to proceed his life and pursue an engineering career. He then prepared himself for the entrance examination to the École Polytechnique.