Biodiesel – Fuel for the Future
Diesel engines are an integral part of the economy and a part of our everyday lives. Accompany almost any of the goods we purchase daily and you will see a diesel engine in every step of its harvesting, manufacturing, or delivery. Take for example a shipment of American wheat that is destined for export overseas. Diesel engines power the tractors that are used for tilling, planting and harvesting. Diesel powered pumps are used to irrigate the fields and diesel trucks transport the wheat to a grain elevator for storage. From the grain elevator, diesel locomotives haul cars full of wheat to mills or even diesel powered barges that will in turn carry it to distant markets or ocean ports. At the ports, diesel powered equipment load the grain onto diesel powered vessels while diesel powered generators stand by to provide backup power to the docks and warehouses.
Diesel engines have been favored over gasoline engines or other sources of power because they are more versatile and cheaper to run. However, with these advantages come disadvantages; the effluent produced by the combustion of diesel fuel is one of the main contributors to worldwide environmental pollution problems. Diesel exhaust is a mixture of thousands of gases and particulate matter (PM), or soot. PM contains thousands of substances that are listed as toxic air pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency. PM contains over 40 cancer-causing substances known as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzene, arsenic, formaldehyde, lead and mercury compounds. These substances can settle on water, soil and vegetation, or can be washed onto these surfaces during rainfall. Particulate matter in the lower atmosphe...
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In the todays century, the responsibilities, roles, and opportunities for nursing and nurse education has grown abundantly to that of modern day nurses. Many nurses in the eighteen century were not educated nurses and never attended nursing school; however, they still provided care for the sick, poor, and needy and played a vital role in health maintenance. With the hard work from many notable nurses in history such as Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, and Isabel Robb and the persistence and dedication for change from influential nurses such as Mary Mahoney and Mabel Staupers; nursing today has transformed in many aspects of practice. Although nursing as a profession is continuously evolving throughout the years, the core foundation of nursing hasn’t changed in that nursing is a profession of caring for others and servicing those in need.
The Gospel of Thomas is considered to be a non-canonical collection of sayings of Jesus that reportedly have been dictated to the apostle Thomas. Some of the statements within the Gnostic Scriptures are extremely bizarre and could not have possibly been said by Jesus of Nazareth. In contrast, some of the statements parallel with parables or statements that are present in the New Testament of the bible. While not all are included, some statements that readers can conclude came from the Jesus of Nazareth are described and their parallel to the New Testament is explored.
The Cosby Show episode portrays the Huxtable family to possess a formal inclination regarding appearances. Denise invited her husband Martin’s ex-wife Paula to join the Huxtable family for Thanksgiving dinner. This decision resulted in expressed concern from Martin and Denise’s mother, Mrs. Huxtable. (“Cosby”). In the show, the piqued interest of remaining guests and played ou...
The Coptic Gospel of Thomas was found near the town of Nag Hammadi and features one hundred and fourteen sayings from Jesus. Considered a Gnostic text, the Gospel of Thomas differs from the canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. It differs from these gospels in that there are no miracles performed by Jesus, there is no passion story, and it lacks narratives. Though it is different, it does feature similar sayings from the books of Matthew and Luke. As for the Coptic Gospel of Thomas’s teachings, it takes a position on blaspheme, destination for the blessed, materialization, gender, forgiveness, giving, predestination, power of Jesus, rituals, and more. Also, “God” is not used in the Gospel of Thomas, he is rather referred to as the “Holy Spirit”, for frame of reference in this description however God is used in place to refer to the higher authority presented.
Cummins has a history of innovation beginning in 1919 when it was founded and produced its first diesel engine, a 1.5 to 8 horsepower model used to power pumps. In 1929, a Cummins engine powered the first diesel-powered U.S car. The company continued to advance in the diesel engine and power generation industry, and in 1958 Cummins Filtration was started to meet the high-performance requirements of Cummins diesel engines (Cummins Inc.). In 1985, Cummins introduced aerodynamic contours to Class 8 trucks years ahead of its time. This new shape greatly reduced air flow drag and, combined with a lightweight engine, attained up to 20 percent higher fuel efficiency than similar vehicles at the time. In 1999, Beijing Public Transit launched a fleet of 300 buses with Cummins B5.9 engines to improve city air quality, being the first clean, alternative fuel fleet in Asia and remains the largest in the world, with more than 3500 Cummins Westport natural gas powered buses (Cummins Inc.). These are just a few examples demonstrating a history marked by improvement and innovation of new technologies in order to reduce emissions and increase efficiencies for the benefit of the environment.
The Holocaust was a devastating event that happened in Germany. Looking at this event in the macro view of sociology, we see that social forces and inequality are the main reasons behind the Holocaust. Social forces are defined as forces that arise from the society of which we are a part. (Thio pp. 7) A social force is capable to br...
Tyner, Wallace. “The U.S. Ethanol and Biofuels Boom: Its Origins, Current Status, and Future Prospects.” BioScience. August 2008. Vol 58 (7):646
The inventor of diesel was Rudolf Diesel; he patented his invention in 1898. “Diesel is a petroleum based fuel with a high energy content helping diesel go further per gallon than most other alternatives”(Diesel Forum). Instead of using a spark plug inside the combustion chamber to ignite the air/fuel mixture, a diesel engine compresses it. A combustion chamber is a closed space where the explosion happens inside the engine. When people think of diesel they may think of huge 18 wheeler trucks. Big 18 wheeler trucks are made to transport goods and other materials. 18 wheeler trucks have incredible torque and miles per gallons(MPG) compared to a gasoline engine.”Diesel is more than 33% more efficient than gasoline is when it comes to your fuel mileage”(Cars Direct). Diesels have a bad reputation for being too loud and too dirty compared to other vehicles. But all of that has changed throughout the years. Diesel engines can be used in farming, mining, construction and in the movement of goods. Diesel engines are used all around people everyday. Most public transportation run on diesel engines like buses, and trains....
The success of today’s nurses cannot be fully appreciated until history is taken into consideration. There have been enormous changes in the role of the nursing profession and the healthcare system. A significant amount of this success can be credited to a woman named Florence Nightingale. Going against the wishes of her family, Nightingale followed her calling to the nursing field and had major influence that helped society show more respect to the vocation than ever before. One of these changes includes the influence of education on nurses. Nightingale was passionate about improving healthcare and education was important to change the way people were cared for. After her work overseas in the military, Nightingale changed the previous state
...n the world today and people need all of the help and care that they can get. Nursing has changed over the years; however, what hasn’t changed is the dedication and compassion of the nursing profession.
The history of nurses hadn’t developed until the nineteenth century. The first law was passed to require that nurses attain a license in 1938. After passing this law, the New York State began a movement to have certain programs to promise new standards in the field. Since the first schools were opened the training and criteria has changed tremendously. Education standards for nurses have improved in many different ways. Programs are an option throughout the country, and there are laws to back up the qualification and training standards for licensure. The nursing field is an important role as a part of the health care team, and can benefit one is so many ways. The history of nurses has changed from being a minor occupation to a major one. In today’s society people rely on nurses, doctors, and specialists more than ever. Nurses have brightened our future in the most beneficial way (Hopke 592).
The diesel engines combustion process is a little different than the typical gasoline engine. A couple main things that diesel engines have that gasoline engines do not are, carburetors and spark plugs. Unlike a gasoline engine, air is first allowed into the cylinder rather than a fuel and air mixture. Once the air is compressed it creates a source of heat, then a mist of fuel is injected to start the combustion process which then creates the energy. Since diesel engines do not have spark plugs they are able to take in larger amount of fuel, this obviously means there will be more power and will guarantee better efficiency. Another thing that is very important is that diesel tends to be a better lubricant than gasoline, being that it is a better lubricant there will be less friction which will generally increase the life of the engine (Woodford). Diesel engines operate at slower speeds than gasoline engines, therefore diesel engines tend to have longer lifespans than gasoline
The Gospel according to Matthew, although being the first book of the New Testament canon, it was not considered the first gospel genre to be written. Matthew’s gospel gives an account of the life, ministry, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ of Nazareth. In this essay, I intend to look at how the exegesis and interpretation of this gospel may be affected by our understanding of the authorship, its intended readership and where and when it was written. Although all these categories are important in their own right, I will focus more of the intended audience and readership of this gospel.
Environmental Health & Engineering, Inc. EMISSIONS OF HAZERDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FROM COAL- FIRED POWER PLANTS. Environmental Report. Needham, 2011. Print. 18 November 2014.
Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel--billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere.