Before the Scientific Revolution, all science came from the Greeks and Romans or the Bible, the Earth was believed to be the center of the universe, and everything was based on the assumptions or observations. After the Renaissance, scientists started to design new technology, they started to do experiments and they also observed the solar system more often. Although most scientific discoveries were against the Catholic church, they changed European attitudes about nature and religion, because of advances in astronomy and science, the human body, and reason. There have been multiple scientists and philosophers that have influenced people's ideas and thinking, and a few of them are Ptolemy, Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, Maria Winkelmann, Robert Boyle and Antoine Lavoisier. Ptolemy was one of the first scientists to observe our solar system and what he discovered led to multiple other discoveries. Ptolemy had the idea that the Earth was the center of the universe, but Nicolaus Copernicus, an astronomer, realized that his …show more content…
The people that truly impacted the thought of reason, were Margaret Cavendish, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes. Margaret Cavendish wrote books on science and believed that humans were the master of nature, which is what we now believe too. Francis Bacon came up with inductive reasoning which means that scientists should not rely on the past for information. Bacon also invented the scientific method and that tremendously impacted the science world. Before the scientific method, scientists did not come up with a hypothesis or even record data, now, we use the scientific method for every situation whether it actually involves science or not. Rene Descartes had the idea of separation of mind and matter and rationalism which means reason is the chief source of
The man with the most impact that changed history was Thomas Paine. He created a pamphlet called Common Sense . Not only did he have an impact he had a somewhat negative life. His burial was very awful. Paines beliefs in religion was different from other people. That belief caused him to create a book the age of reason.
Since Bacon and others pushed for a more empirical approach, numerous discoveries have been made. During this scientific revolution throughout the 16th century was categorized with big advances such as the making of new lenses by Galileo, Kepler and Huygens leading to new information about the stars and space, Magellan circumnavigating the earth, Columbus discovering the Americas, Gutenberg’s printing press advancing literature rapidly, and a religious reformation by Martin Luther that changed the church indefinitely (Graham, 2009). The scientific revolution continued far into the 17th century which was categorized with major findings in mathematics with Leibnitz and Newton independently discovering Calculus, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria, William Harvey published his findings on the circulatory system, Newton’s laws of motion, and continued work on understanding the universe (Wikipedia Selection for schools – 17th century, 2008/9). The 18th century saw the invention of the steam engine which opened up the way for steel production, the discovery of photosynthesis, and the spinning jenny leading to the industrial revolution (Wikipedia Selection for schools – 18th century, 2008/9). More inventions and discoveries epitomized the 19th century which saw m...
For example Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler were involved in a science called astronomy. Astronomy was the branch of science that deals with heavenly objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. Different scientists invented different discoveries that changed our world today. Copernicus was a scientists who lived in Italy for many years, and discovered modern astronomy. Study and calculation led him to the conclusion that the earth turns upon its own axis, and, together with the planets, revolves around the sun, which led to his theory called the Copernican Theory. Another scientists who was involved in astronomy was Galileo. Galileo made one of the first telescopes, which was very powerful. He discovered the phases of Venus and sunspots, confirming that the sun rotates, and that the planets orbit around the Sun, not around the Earth. Galileo believed that these discoveries committed to the Copernican Theory. Kepler was another scientist involved in astronomy, he worked out the mathematical laws which govern the movements of the planets. He made it clear that the planets revolve around sun in elliptical instead of circular orbits. Kepler's investigations afterwards led to the discovery of the principle of gravitation. Vesalius and Harvey were involved in a science called anatomy. Anatomy was the the branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms. Vesalius studied in Italian medical schools, he was the founder of modern human anatomy, and wrote a very famous interesting books on human anatomy called De humani corporis fabrica. His discoveries consisted of the skeletal system, muscular system, vascular and circulatory system, nervous system, abdominal organs, the heart, and the brain. Vesalius discovered that the skulls mandible consists of only one bone. The sternum which is made up of three parts is also one of
Francis Bacon - He was one one of the big contributors in the Enlightenment. He was recognized for his reasoning , methods & his well thought philosophies. He came up with the “scientific method”. The scientific method is techniques for DISCOVERING phenomena , LEARNING new knowledge , AND correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
Scientific Revolution, a period of new discoveries, the year of 17th to 19th century, was the result of Scientific Method. Scientific Method uses observation and experimentation to prove theories.The use of Scientific Method helped Europeans to remove the fallacies about science. The enhanced their critical thinking and observation skills to do experiments in physics, chemistry and biology. These experimentations built theories in science subjects that revolutionized the era.. There were beliefs like sun and all the other planets move around earth. Also, human being ...
Beginning in the seventeenth century Europeans began seeing a shift from the med-evil teachings of the church to a more enlightened scientific world. Although the Catholics were still against science and political democracy, a wave of new Protestants were very progressive. With the Catholic Church becoming aware that it was loosing some of its following to science, it tried desperate measures such as the inquisition where they questioned and tried to get rid of people not committed and devout to the church. Despite these measures, however, the church was basically trying to hold back the tide as a plethora of knowledge began to flow into society.
The scientific revolution took place in the 1500’s and 1600’s. It was a period of great change and is considered one of the most important eras of European history. It was a time of enlightenment brought forth by brave and revolutionary inventors, scientists, and philosophers. Many questions about our universe and planet were answered and inventions were created during this period. The scientific revolution is revolutionary because it permanently changed the way people thought and how scientific experiments were conducted.
For example Layton Julia says, “In the 1600s, an English physicist and mathematician named Isaac Newton was sitting under an apple tree -- or so the legend tells us. Apparently, an apple fell on his head, and he started wondering why the apple was attracted to the ground in the first place.” This quote shows that the apple from the apple tree fell from gravity and hit Newton on the head and he wondered how it even fell, this could be a way that Newton was influential because he could have inspired someone to make something amazing from something really simple to start with. Layton
Another important individual who drove history was the Italian astronomer and scientist Galileo Galilei. Galileo discovered something so important that it changed the selfish perspective that humans were the center of the universe and led to the growth of human knowledge. Utilizing mathematics and a telescope he had developed, Galileo observed that the planets revolved around the sun and not the Earth. This was a significant discovery because not only did it contradict what the church had taught, it also showed that the universe was not what it seemed. With this truth uncovered, many people began to fascinate over the universe. This triggered people to begin studying space extensively and eventually lead to present day space exploration. Galileo also left a lasting impression upon many great minds, such as Sir Isaac Newton, who used Galileo's research and theories to further his own studies such as the physical laws, and their properties.
The scientific revolution was a time of inquisition, discovery, and new ideas. The scientific revolution started at the end of the renaissance, with Nicholas Copernicus, who said that the earth revolves around the sun. and ended in the late 18th century, with Isaac Newton, who proposed the three universal laws of motion, and proposed a mechanical universe.1 The scientific revolution lay a foundation for what is now modern science. Many achievements in the numerous fields of science where accomplished in this time period. Because modern science is so heavily based on the achievements during the scientific revolution, the scientific revolution set the starting point for what is now modern science.
The changes produced during the Scientific Revolution were not rapid but developed slowly and in an experimental way. Although its effects were highly influential, the forerunners Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes only had a few hundred followers. Each pioneered unique ideas that challenged the current views of human beingsí relationship with nature. With the backing of empirical observation and mathematical proof, these ideas slowly gained acceptance. As a result, the operation of society, along with prior grounds for faith were reconsidered. Their ideas promoted change and reform for humansí well-being on earth.
In 1543, a revolution began that flipped everyone’s lives upside down. Bold, new, progressive ideas constantly emerged, and suddenly, old beliefs were challenged or discarded. Christianity was considered illogical and subjected to be a thing of the past during a time when the Catholic Church was in control of everything. As people learned more about the world they lived in and the stars above it, they began to view the world differently. Newfound knowledge allowed everyone to think for themselves: an empowering concept. This humanistic upgrade was the slow-burning explosion of the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution was a period of innovation for the minds of all with the goal to improve the quality of life.
In conclusion, the scientific revolution brought dramatic change in the way people lived their lives, and it certainly influenced eighteenth century free-thinking. The scientific method was comprehensively utilized during the eighteenth century to study human behavior and societies. It enabled scientist and scholars alike to exercise their freedom of rationality so they could come to their own conclusions about religion and humanity as a whole. They could finally do so without having to defer to the dictates of established authorities.
Over the course of the years, society has been reformed by new ideas of science. We learn more and more about global warming, outer space, and technology. However, this pattern of gaining knowledge did not pick up significantly until the Scientific Revolution. In the sixteenth and seventeenth century, the Scientific Revolution started, which concerned the fields of astronomy, mechanics, and medicine. These new scientists used math and observations strongly contradicting religious thought at the time, which was dependent on the Aristotelian-Ptolemy theory. However, astronomers like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton accepted the heliocentric theory. Astronomical findings of the Scientific Revolution disproved the fact that humans were the center of everything, ultimately causing people to question theology’s role in science and sparking the idea that people were capable of reasoning for themselves.
The Scientific Revolution occurred during the 16th and 17th centuries. The thinkers of this era excluded authorities and affirmed their abilities to understand and investigate the natural world through mathematical reasoning, direct observation, and controlled experiments. There were advancements in astronomy, chemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and mathematics. It replaced the medieval views of the universe, which was a mix of the theories of two ancient Greek thinkers, Aristotle and Ptolemy, and Christian teachings. In this view, it was believed that the world as they knew it was geocentric, that everything revolved around the earth, and that the universe was divided into a lower, earthly realm, and a higher, celestial realm. The alteration, and inevitably, the destruction of this medieval view of the world began with the work of Copernicus, and later on, was followed up by the work of Galileo.