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Acids and bases quizlet
Importance of acids and bases
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Baking soda
Question
What will happen to the baking soda when it is heated up, and which of the three reactions is the correct one from below?
(I) NaHCO₃(s) → Na₂O(s) + H₂O(g) + CO₂(g) (decomposition)
4NaHCO₃ → 2Na₂O + 2H₂O + 4CO₂
Baking Soda → Sodium Oxide + Water + Carbon Dioxide
(II) NaHCO₃(s) → NaOH(s) + CO₂(g) (decomposition) (already balanced)
NaHCO₃ → NaOH + CO₂
Baking Soda → Sodium Hydroxide + Carbon Dioxide (III) NaHCO₃(s) → Na₂CO₃(s) + H₂O(g) + CO₂(g) (decomposition)
2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂
Baking Soda → Soda Ash + Water
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It is a base and has some alkalinity in it, which means it needs an Acid to have a chemical reaction, since it neutralizes them. When it is heated Baking Soda produces Carbon Dioxide, which makes the object rise.
Made out of : Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻
Hypothesis
Our hypothesis was that the baking soda will decompose into carbon dioxide, water and sodium carbonate.
Equipment
-Baking soda (NaHCO₃)
-Bunsen burner
-Crucible/crucible
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When it is finished heating, close the Bunsen burner and leave the crucible to cool down.
8. Measure and weight the content and the crucible.
Table
Mass of crucible
(g)
Mass of crucible and baking soda(g)
Mass of baking soda(g)
Mass of crucible and compound after heating (g)
Mass of compound after heating (g)
12.42
17.43
5.01
15.58
3.16
(kg)
0,01242→ 0,01
0,01743→ 0,02
0,00501→0,005
0,01558→0,02
0,00316→0,003
Data processing:
Balanced equations:
4NaHCO₃ → 2Na₂O + 2H₂O + 4CO₂
NaHCO₃ → NaOH + CO₂
2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂
Molar mass of baking soda: NaHCO₃
Na → 22.989770
H → 1.00794
C → 12.0107
O → 15.994
22.989770+1.00794+12.0107+15.994*3=84.00661 g/mol
M=m/n n=m/M m=n*M
Na₂O mass:
Na-Sodium Atomic weight →22.98976928 Atoms: 2
O-Oxygen Atomic weight →15.9994 Atoms: 1
Percent of mass: Na →74.1857% O →25.8143%
NaOH mass:
Na-Sodium Atomic weight → 22.98976928 Atoms: 1
O-Oxygen Atomic weight → 15.9994 Atoms: 1
H-Hydrogen Atomic weight→ 1.00794 Atoms: 1
Percent of mass: Na → 74.1857% O → 25.8143% H →
Baking Soda and Vinegar: Limiting Reactant Lab Background The limiting reactant of a chemical reaction is the substance that places an upper bound on the amount of product that the reaction can produce. The limiting reactant places this upper bound because the reaction must stop once all of the limiting reactant is consumed. If the relative amount of reactants is altered, then the limiting reactant may change accordingly.
During our investigation we first decided how much sodium bicarbonate we would be using. We decided on 11 grams which was about half of the crucible. We then used the bunsen burner to heat up the sodium bicarbonate. We heated the sodium bicarbonate expecting there to would be a chemical reaction and the atoms would be rearranged during thermal decomposition. We heated the sodium
CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
H = -443.08 This value is for 2.51g of calcium carbonate, not 100.1g, which is its molecular weight. Therefore: H =
Mass of O = Mass of crucible, cover, KClO3 and MnO2 after heating (Step # 11) - Mass of crucible, cover, KClO3 and MnO2 before heating (Step # 5)
Alka-Seltzer is made up of baking soda, aspirin, and citric acid which gives the tablet the fizz when dropped in any temperature water. “Alka-Seltzer is a medication that works as a pain reliever and an antacid. (Antacids help neutralize stomach acidity, which can cause heartburn.)” (Science Buddies, Carbonation Countdown: The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Time). To take the Alka-Seltzer tablet you have to dissolve it in water causing a chemical reaction to form and the whole solution begins to fizz. The fizz occurs since when you drop the tablet in the water the baking soda and the citric acid react causing the water to fizz also “sodium bicarbonate splits apart to form sodium and bicarbonate ions” (Science Buddies, Carbonation Countdown: The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Time). When the Alka-Seltzer is dropped in the water then a chemical reaction forms allowing the Alka-Seltzer to dissolve. Temperature is related to this experiment because the temperature affects how fast the hydrogen ions react with the bicarbonate ions and as the temperature increases the movement of the molecules increases in speed and vice versa (Science Buddies, Carbonation Countdown: The Effect of Temperature on Reaction Time).
== CaCO3(s) + 2HCC(l) CaCl2 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2. = =
Others know it as, Arm and Hammer baking soda. When baking soda is heated up, it slowly breaks down into Sodium bicarbonate. Then it releases carbon dioxide bubbles, which in cooking helps quick breads raise. There are two different types of baking powder. Single-Acting and Double-Acting.
Alkaline Reaction mean it neutralizes acids. It’s also used in the manufacturing of glass, soap, and paper. You can also use it as a disinfectant, a cleaning agent, or water softener. Another type of common sodium compound is Sodium Bicarbonate. This is a popular soda used in cooking, medicines, and baking soda.
when it comes to doing the actual experiment. Pre-test method Apparatus Glass Beaker Measuring cylinder Tripod Bunsen Burner Stirring Rod Thermometer Stopwatch Heat proof mat For safety: Goggles Weighing scales Gather equipment and set up as shown below. Choose your temperatures (I am going to perform the pre-test with the temperatures 20°C, 40°C and 60°C).
In this experiment, the calcium carbonate was in the form of marble chips. The calcium carbonate reacted with hydrochloric acid when the acid was poured into marble chips. Due to calcium carbonate’s higher reactivity, it displaced hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid. As a result, products of calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water were formed. As the chemical reaction occurred, the water in the measuring cylinder was displaced and gas bubbles that were blowing out represented carbon dioxide.
The crucible and lid are heated at the beginning of the experiment before being weighed so that any moisture in the crucible is burned away.
Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate arrow calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water. HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) arrow CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Things that affect the reaction rate of this experiment are: 1. The temperature of the hydrochloric acid. 2.
Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l)