Mustafa Kemal Ataturk born on 1881 was the first president of Turkey. He fought in the First World War as an army general and he was also a revolutionary who led the young Turks in abolishling the caliphate. He was given the name Ataturk in 1934 when surnames in Turkey were first introduced and like the meaning of his name ‘Ataturk’ he was the credited founder of the Republic of Turkey.
The fall of the great Ottoman Empire was officially marked with the Treaty of Severes. The victors, Britain and France began dividing the Middle East as mandates thus, “the Arab dream had been shattered” (Goldschmidt 33) as the goals of the previous caliphs of the Ottoman Empire to achieve a single Pan-Islamic state was no longer possible. As with most of the Central Powers involved with the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was devastated and dismantled.
During World War I (1914-1918), when the Ottoman Empire was allied with Germany and Austria also known as the Central Powers, the Allied Powers invaded Turkey. Ataturk was a general during WW1 he experienced the effects of the war first hand. He wa...
The Ottoman Empire was a large empire that lasted for several hundred years. They were primarily Sunni Muslims and they were led by the Sultan. Over time, they had a long decline, mostly because they hadn’t progressed with the times. France and Britain were getting very involved with their affairs in Egypt. By the late 1800’s most of the Ottoman Empire was gone. During World War One (WWI), in 1916, the Arabs helped Great Britain to defeat the Ottoman Empire. In 1918 the Ottomans surrendered and their empire was dissolved. When mandates were established it caused nationalist ro revolt. General Mustafa
World War one started with the assassination of the Austrian emperor's nephew, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, on June 18, 1914, while they were visiting Sarajevo, part of the Austria-Hungary Empire, the province of Bosnia Herzegovina. The assassination by a Serbian Nationalist caused the Austria Hungary Empire to plan to start war against Serbia. Instead of reacting quickly to the incident, Austria Hungary made sure to have a treaty with Germany. This allowed Serbia to create a treaty with Russia. Russia also had a treaty with France and Britain. Austria Hungary declared war on the July 28, 1914, over a month after the assassination. By then most of Europe was involved. The two main sides of this war were the allied forces, and the central powers. The allied forces consisted of France, UK, and Russia, and the central powers were Germany and Austria Hungary. WW1 was from 1914 to 1919, resulting in 10 million military deaths, and 20 million injured. Originally, the allied forces wanted the United States to join the war, but the US was neutral. However, two events changed this opinion. In 1915, a German U-boat sunk the British Ocean liner RMS Lusitania. This was a neutral passenger ship, and the Americans were furious when it was sunk, as 159 of the passengers were American. Also, in 1917, Mexico was sent a coded message from Germany, which was intercepted by the British and shown to the US. The message promised sections of US land in return for entering the war on the German side. On April 6, 1917, the US entered the war. Russia, during this time, was planning on getting out of the war. In 1917, a revolution happened, removing the czar from power. The new communist government wanted to focus on intern...
The entry of the Ottoman Turks had carry the war into the middle east. The British had joined the Arabs and had gathered together to revolt against the Turkish rulers. After this unification between the two, they were able to take over and split the Ottoman area. They at first occupied the southern city of Iraqi named Basara in 1914 and then took over Baghdad in 1917. They then invaded Palestine and Syria in 1918. After The Ottoman Empire had been defeated, the thought of a rise for Arab independence was brought to attention. Though the allies had instead rejected that decision and instead replaced the Ottoman rule with British and French control. This had officially broken up The Ottoman
World War I began in nineteen fourteen and ended in nineteen eighteen. World War I was against the Central Powers and the Allied Powers. The Central Powers were made up of Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and Ottoman Empire. The Allied Powers were made upp of Belgium, France, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Romania Russing, Serbia, and the United States. It began when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated by a Black Hand Serbian terrorist group member. The war ended after armistice terms were accepted the central powers demanded by the allied powers (INSERT CITATION).
On 28 July 1914, the war began with the Allies and Central Powers in Europe. The Allied Powers primarily consisted of Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and later the US and Italy. The Central Powers consisted of Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
King Tut was a fascinating pharaoh at most. There isn’t much on who king Tut was or when he was born or how he died. But some people have dedicated there lives to find out who he was. He was born during the Golden Age. He became king a surprisingly young age. He achieved many things and had an important job. His death was and still is a mystery to most. It was said he wasn’t in his original tomb. But he was eventually found. King Tut became a Pharaoh at a really young age and he had many achievements but died at a relatively young age. (Hawass 29-56)
During the early stages of World War I, members of the Armenian race began to deal with racial prejudice from the Turks that soon resulted in a genocide. The term genocide refers to the deliberate destruction of a nationality or an ethnic group. Part of the Ottoman Empire in 1915, Turkey made goals to remove the ethnic Armenians prominent, and initiative was taken to eliminate the enemies forever. Between the years of 1915 and 1923, the Armenian population went from nearly two million down to one million people. The Turks were located between two bodies of water, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, while Armenia was located directly to the east. Next to the Armenians were the Russians. In addition, some of the battles that occurred throughout World War I took place in Armenian territory. Many ethnic Armenians were brutally relocated into deserts and other areas, although many harsh acts by the Ottomans resulted in death.
There was stirring animosity between the Armenians and the Turks prior to World War I, in 1894, thousands of Armenians were massacred by the Turkish due to their religious affiliation with Christianity, which juxtaposed the Islamic Turks with whom they lived with (Greene 125). The Armenians living in Turkey have been ostracized ever since, and increased tension between the Turks and Armenians was sparked by the beginning of World War I. On April 15th, 1914 the Armenians asked for German protection from the Turks, which the German government refused to avoid offending the Turkish Government (Gunter 46). The Germans began negotiations with Turkey about a week prior to the beginning to World War I on August 1st, 1914. 8 days after Germany declared war on Russia, the Turkish governm...
The emergence of the Young Turk movement, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, and its defeat in World War I, saw many changes in Asia Minor. The internal conflict with the Armenians during the war, and the flight of hundreds of thousands of Greeks, led to a dramatic change in the population of the emerging Republic of Turkey. The moving of the Turkish capital to Ankara in 1923 led to a shift from the previous capital, Constantinople.
“One Arab nation from Gulf to the Ocean,” gives meaning to the term “Pan-Arabism” in the Middle East. A notion where Arab nations transcend their state boundaries to form political mergers with other states and achieve an ‘Arab unity.’ The existence of Arab states had been tumultuous throughout the decline of the Muslim order, the end of the Ottoman Empire, the Palestinian defeat, Six Day War and Arab-Israeli war in 1973. This essay will critically examine Foud Ajami’s case for a raison d’état in the Middle East and his claim that there were six broad trends leading to the alteration of the balance of power away from Pan-Arabism and towards the state. It will be argued that Pan-Arabism was a romantic ideology that Arab states found convenient to support, all in advancement of their nationalistic state agendas. It was never a realistic endeavor that was physically undertaken by the Arab states and was thus never alive in a tangible sense. However, Pan-Arabism as an ideology had a place in the Middle East and was thus alive in an ideological sense.
Following World War I, the Ottoman Empire lost virtually all of its power. Under the Treaty of Sèvres, various nations were granted spheres of influence over the empire. The empire lost financial control, and military restrictions were implemented. Armenia, and various other independent states were established as a result of the treaty.
The failure of defensive development in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and Persia had a large and long-lasting effect on the Muslim world. The original goal of the reforms was to end European intervention, revive the weakening empires, and to be on equal standing with Europe. Yet, all three empires over-utilized the wealth and knowledge of Europe, leading to their ultimate demise. The empires wished to impose reforms in the military, economics, education, and law which the region had not experienced previously. This resulted in backlash, violence, and division within the empires eventually leading to bankruptcy, ironically, to those which they wished to separate themselves.
They also lived peacefully because of their less-populated population. In 1914, Turks entered the World War I by being on the side of Germany and also the Austria-Hungary Empire. At the same time Armenia was helping Russia to fight with the Turks. Because of this war, Turks tried to remove Armenians from the Ottoman Empire. On April 24, 1915, the Armenian genocide began.
What Prompted the Ottoman Empire to Join World War I? Plan of Investigation World War I, was a particularly decisive event in the history of the Ottoman Empire, as the decision to join the war, ultimately led to the Empire’s downfall, after more than 600 years of prosperity. The catastrophic implications of the decision, may thus lead one to ponder: What prompted the Ottoman Empire to join World War I in the first place? It is a question for which there is a lack of specificity in contemporary answers, as some claim that it was an imperialistic desire that prompted the Ottomans to join the war, while others believe that the decision was a result of international pressure.
"The advent of a new world configuration, with a circumscribed place for Europe, found dramatic expression in the rapid disintegration of the European colonial empires after World War II." 1 The war itself had been a major catalyst for independence movements all throughout the world. Colonial reconquest wasn't the only thing that marked the end of the war. The atomic bomb and the victory of the United States were both sign...