According to the National Kidney Foundation, 1 in 3 Americans are at risk for kidney disease. However, Asian Americans have a higher risk for kidney disease than Caucasians. Although it’s not entirely clear why Asian’s experience kidney disease at a higher rate diabetes seems to be a risk factor along with high blood pressure, diet, and access to health care. The job of the kidneys is to clean your blood, keep the balance of salt and minerals, and help control blood pressure, when kidneys fail to do these jobs it results in kidney disease. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the risk of diabetes is 18% higher among Asian Americans than white Americans and about 1/3 of people with diabetes develop kidney disease. The
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 diabetes/adult onset diabetes) is an epidemic in American Indian and Alaska Natives communities.7 AI/AN have the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the United States.7 American Indian/Alaska Native adults are 2.3 more times likely to be diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus than non-Hispanic Whites.7 More importantly, AI/AN adolescent ages 10-14 are 9 times likely to be diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus than non-Hispanic Whites.7 Type 2 diabetes is high blood glucose levels due to lack of insulin and/or inability to use it efficiently.8 Type 2 diabetes usually affects older adults; 8 however, the incident rate is rising quicker amongst AI/AN youth than non-Hispanic Whites.7 This is foreshadowing of earlier serious complications that will be effecting the AI/AN communitie...
16Scientist have found trends in ethnic groups and ages begin to occur in today’s day and age. Type 2 diabetes has been found to be more
In 1954, the first organ transplant was conducted successfully in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) Nowadays, the technology of organ transplant has greatly advanced and operations are carried out every day around the world. According to current system, organ sales are strictly prohibited in the United States. (Clemmons, 2009) However, the donor waiting list in the United States has doubled in the last decade and the average waiting time for a kidney is also increasing. (Clemmons, 2009) In the year 2007, over 70,000 patients were on the waiting list for a kidney and nearly 4500 of them died during the waiting period. In contrast to the increasing demand for kidney, organ donation has been in a decrease. (Wolfe, Merion, Roys, & Port, 2009) Even the government puts in great effot to increase donation incentives, the gap between supply and demand of organs still widens. In addition, the technology of therapeutic cloning is still not mature and many obstacles are met by scientists. (Clemmons, 2009) Hence, it is clear that a government regulated kidney market with clear legislation and quality control is the best solution to solve the kidney shortage problem since it improves the lives of both vendors and patients.
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2012), the diabetes rate has more than tripled since 1980 from about 5.6 million people affected, to nearly 21 million people. And, of the 2.9 million Native Americans, approximately 16% have been afflicted with type-2 diabetes (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). These rates were more than twice the rates for the white population and strongly correlated with income level. One factor that is believed to have contributed to the high rates of non-insulin-dependent diabetes is dietary changes from traditional foods to processed foods (Reinhard et al., 2012).
McBean, A. M., Li, S., Gilbertson, D. T., & Collins, A. J. (2004). Differences in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality among the elderly of four racial/ethnic groups: whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Diabetes care, 27(10), 2317-2324.
Greater pain-related symptoms and disability in African–American patients relative to white patients have also been reported in multidisciplinary pain; suggesting that independent of other demographic factors such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, education, employment, marital status and other potential confounders, such as medical comorbidities and disease duration. Clinicians should make every effort to increase their cultural sensitivity and awareness in order to improve treatment outcomes for minority patients. Therefore ethnic groups may differ in the outcomes of specific treatments, ethnicity should be one factor that clinicians consider when selecting and recommending treatments. (Campbell& Edwards, 2013) Some diseases that are predominantly more found within specific minority groups along with an array of other factors. Minorities have a higher prevalence of diabetes than whites, and some minorities have higher rates of diabetes-related complications and death. The statistical breakdown of the different minorities 10.8 percent of blacks, 10.6 percent of Mexican Americans, and 9.0 percent of American Indians have diabetes, compared with 6.2 percent of whites. Certain minorities also have much higher rates some as much as 50% of the total population of diabetes and related complication. (AHRQ,
Stumpers S, Thomson N (2013) Review of kidney disease among Indigenous people, Australian Indigenous Health Info Net Viewed 14 may 2014, .
In conclusion, cultural competence is especially relevant in the treatment of diabetes. Disease and symptom control in diabetes is interdependent on effective lifestyle management, which can only be realized when the health care provider understands, acknowledges, and responds to each individuals cultural and diversity needs.
Obesity has become a very critical problem in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2011) in the past two decades there has been an increasingly dramatic increase in obesity seen within the United States. Evidence from research indicate a strong correlation between being over-weight or obese with incidences of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancers increases (CDC, 2011). A major complication associated with diabetes is the occurrence of nephropathy which can lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD).
This article is for people whose kidneys fail to work. This condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
blocked has now shut down. This kidney, if left untreated for just a few days,
Asian Americans have higher insulin resistance and the lowest insulin sensitivity than other ethnic populations in the United States.
From the results of the numerous tests carried out according to the patient history of frothy urine with a significant oedema over a maximum period of 5 days, the patient was diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. This is condition that occurs due to leakage in the kidney filtration part leading to a large amount of protein leaking from the blood into the urine. This is mainly due to fluid retention known as oedema which is as a result of low protein level in the blood. It occurs due to abnormal functioning or a part of the kidney is affected (glomeruli). This syndrome can be caused by numerous diseases coming together to cause or form one particular disease; these causes range from minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and other conditions, disorders of the glomeruli. The membranous nephropathy also known as the membranous nephritis or membranous glomerulonephritis, only causes diseases in adults and very uncommon in children. Leakage occurs from this due to the thickening of the membranous in the glomeruli which is the filter of the glomeruli. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a causative due to the formation of small scars (sclerosis) on some of the kidney glomeruli. Another form of cause of nephrotic is minimal change which is due to lack of virtual change detected in the glomeruli when examined under the microscope. This causes the syndrome in 9 out of a total of 10 children under the age of 5 years.
Kidney Function Introduction and definition of terms: The kidneys are the main organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products out of blood from the renal artery. These are then excreted. Useful solutes are reabsorbed into the blood. They also have a major homeostatic role in the body, and help to control the water content (osmoregulation) and pH of the blood.
Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.