Annotated Bibliography Final:
Dogmatic Personality Trait
Rachel Scott
Salem College
PSYC 150 Personality Psychology
Dr. Mary Jacobsen
11/14/2017
Notes: Thank you for the feedback as well as the extension. As requested by you in class, this is a note notifying you that this annotated bibliography has been edited to incorporate your comments. Rather than highlighting dogmatism in conservative persons the annotated bibliography now focuses on the dogmatic trait as a whole, now with the understanding that there is a difference between the belief system of dogmatism and the personality trait of dogmatic.
Babad, E. Y. (1979). Personality correlates of susceptibility to biasing information. Journal Of
Personality
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(f) The advantage of being low-dogmatic is that these individuals are better able to navigate syllogical conversations. (g) N/A (h) I thought it was highly interesting that dogmatic individuals judge consistently judge syllogical arguments as invalid despite their level of logical soundness. Prior to reviewing this source, I was under the impression that the dogmatic personality trait typically manifested when an individual was confronted with an opposing argument or belief. This sources showcased that the dogmatic trait is present anytime an individual is evaluating an argument--agreeing or opposing.
Block, J., & Peterson, P. (1955). Some personality correlates of confidence, caution, and speed in a decision situation. The Journal Of Abnormal And Social Psychology, 51(1), 34-41. doi:10.1037/h0046710 (a) In this study dogmatic trait described individuals who were more rigid in their thinking, less open to new information and experience.
(b) The participants were introduced to a state of constant stimulation. There were in
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I have concerns that there could have been confounds present within the study that contributed to the speed and confidence of the decisions the individual made--such as alertness, interest, etc.
Bronstein, M. V., Dovidio, J. F., & Cannon, T. D. (2017). Both bias against disconfirmatory evidence and political orientation partially explain the relationship between being dogmatic and racial prejudice. Personality and individual differences, 105, 89-94.
a) This author defines being dogmatic as being unyielding in one’s belief even when presented with conflicting information. In particular, the author examines this in relation to its connection with conservative political beliefs.
(b) Using an assessment being dogmatic, racial prejudice, evidence integration impairment and positive response bias, and political orientation were all measured for mediation effect.
(c) N/A
(d) N/A
(e) They found that political orientation--specifically, conservatism--and “bias against disconfirmatory evidence” plays a role in the origin of the relationship between being prejudice and being
According to Blumer (1958) there are numerous key factors that contribute to racial prejudice. First, when Blumer is explaining racial prejudice it is tremendously important to note that when defining racial prejudice he is not looking at an individual‘s feelings in particular, he is analyzing racial prejudice within a group. He states that there is an important relationship that needs to occur between various racial groups in order to have prejudice. The individuals within these racial groups need to identify themselves within a particular group, as well as understand where they stand with another racial group.
We’ve all done it: walking down a hallway, judging someone or thinking someone is less than what we perceive ourselves to be based on the color of their skin or how they are dressed, or even their physical features. The author of The Language of Prejudice, Gordon Allport, shares how we live in a society where we are ridiculed for being less than a culture who labels themselves as dominant. This essay reveals the classifications made to the American morale. Allport analyzes in many ways how language can stimulate prejudice and the connection between language and prejudice.
Furthermore, the authors aim to unfold the scientific logic of their analysis of the effects of hidden biases so people will be “better able to achieve the alignment,” between their behavior and intentions (Banaji and Greenwald, 2013) preface
As said earlier, in one study researchers used different conditions to assess the differences in people’s behavior. The two conditions were the prejudice condition and the no prejudice condition. The prejudice condition involved one’s religion being mentioned. The participants were in a casual setting and thought that all the other men in the room were Gentiles and knew they were Jewish. After interacting and the experiment concluded, the men were asked to fill out a mood adjective check list, and rated themselves on positive and negative Jewish stereotypes and self- esteem traits. On the other hand, in the no prejudice condition religion and ethnicity were not mentioned which left the men with attribution to prejudice (Dion & Earn,
Northup, Temple. "Is Everyone a Little Bit Racist? Exploring Cultivation Using Implicit and Explicit Measures." Southwestern Mass Communication Journal 26.1 (2010): 29-41. Communication & Mass Media Complete. EBSCO. Web. 21 Apr. 2011.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Journal of personality and social psychology and. Retrieved from http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~broberts/Hazan & Shaver, 1987.pdf
...r own unique ways.; however, the authors focus on different aspects of prejudice and racism, resulting in them communicating different ideas and thoughts that range from racial discrimination to stereotypical attitudes. The range of ideas attempt to engage the readers about the reality of their issues. The reality about a world where prejudice and racism still prevail in modern times. But when will prejudice and racism ever cease to exist? And if they were ever to cease from existence, what does that mean about humankind?
...idual differences in religion, political affiliation, and attribution style among college students. Individual Differences Research, 11(2), 59-69.
Funder, David C. The Personality Puzzle. 6th ed. 2013. New York: New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
The Simple Self-Interest Model centers around groups acting in their own self-interest by accepting policies that benefit them. Their refusal to accept policies that do not benefit them emphasize the, “Hostility between members of two racial groups reflects an underlying clash of interest,” (Shaw et al., 2015, p. 246). The Classical Prejudice Model states that hostility is based upon one’s cognitive outlook instead of reality, where racial animosity is based on dogmas formed within groups rather than perspicacity. The last model described is the Principled Objection Model, which is describes interracial enmity as a collision of the, “dominant American belief in individual opportunity,” (Shaw et al., 2015, p. 246).). Each of these models demonstrate how racial/ethic group interest are embedded into their group identity that influence their overall attitude towards racial concerns and impugns, especially regarding public
Higgins, Tory. “Self-Discrepancy Theory: What Patterns of Self-Beliefs Cause People to Suffer?”(1989). Advances in Experimental Social psychology, Vol.22 (1989):93-136. Academic Press Inc.
As humans, we have a natural tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore contrary evidence. We also fear what we can’t control because dramatic events are readily available to memory and they shape our perceptions of risk. These readily available memories can be stimulated when reminded of a concept that links to the dramatic event. We often form our concept by developing prototypes. Prototypes provide a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories. Unfortunately, prototypes can also be used towards racial discrimination. When we have a prototype of a particular ethnic group we tend to categorize the whole ethnic group to that prototype; although, it might not be a true fact. For example, after the 9’11 incident, people started fearing all Muslims and had the concept of terrorist and the best prototype that matched the concept “terrorist” was Muslim. In this paper I will cover three terms; Prototypes, confirmation bias, and belief perseverance.
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
McCrae believed that openness is a major psychological determinant in developing political ideologies. Those who have high levels of openness tend to lean towards left-wing, liberal views, while those low on openness have an affinity to conservative, right-wing views (McCrae, 1996). Just as people who are open tend to seek novelty and variety in their experiences, those who are conservative prefer familiar and simple situations (McCrae, 1996). Due to this simplicity, conservatives tend to draw strict lines between what is right and wrong. They expect everybody to obey the rules set by authorities and will endorse punishments if these rules are broken (McCrae, 1996). Future studies could explore this further, looking at relationships between personality and political ideologies along a spectrum- not just
Personality can be defined as “the sum of characteristics that make a person unique”. (Weinberg and Gould, 2007) It can be divided into three levels consisting of a person’s psychological core, their typical responses and role-related behaviour. The psychological core involves a person’s values, interests, attitudes, motives and self-worth. Typical responses are learnt throughout life and are the ways a person behaves in different environments and how they react to various situations. Role-related behaviour is how someone conducts oneself dependent upon how they have perceived their social environment. There are five different aspects to personality, three of which will be discussed in this essay: trait, situational and interactional approaches. The trait approach assumes that personality is constant and stable. This means it does not take into account the variety of situations that might make a person behave differently. It is considered that a person is hard-wired to act in a certain way all the time regardless of situation. The situation approach is on the other end of the spectrum from trait approach and is environmentally determined, as opposed to internally determined. It states that behaviour is fundamentally controlled by situation or environment. The interactional approach is in the middle of the two, suggesting that behaviour is determined by both personality and situation as co-variants. It argues that an environment is not, on its own, enough to govern behaviour. A person’s individual traits need to be taken into consideration. In sport, these different aspects of personality are important because for a coach they can help produce more effective training sessions. This is because if they can understand the way the athl...