Table of Contents
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1.0 Introduction
Compressive strength of cube testing is to measure the compressive strength of concrete using the cube test. The property of concrete tested is compressive strength. Curing is the maintaining of an adequate moisture content and temperature in concrete at early ages so that it can develop properties the mixture was designed to achieve. The method of curing that we used is ponding and immersion to covering the exposed concrete structure with water. The place held at Bricklaying Workshop, IBTE Nakhoda Ragam Campus. The curing durations of each sample made for this test are 7 day, 21 day and 31 day. The
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time graph
Curing period vs. strength and durability are . From the graph (table 1) the result ranged of concrete grade was below G20 and the indication of the compressive strength in concrete grade from the graph (table 1) is failed because it is below the G20.
Conclusion
Factor that can influence the strength and durability of concrete are weathering action, chemical attack and any process of deterioration and the main factor influence strength and durability of permeability are can be because of the uses of the admixture of the concrete.
The ideal range of temperature for curing is 20 ± 1℃ and reason for affecting the strength gain if the temperature is not within the ideal range are if the strength gain its mean the strength were increase so the range of the temperature also increase.
References
Cube testing http://int.search.myway.com/search/AJimage.jhtml?&searchfor=Cube+moulds&n=782afb11&p2=%5EBE4%5Exdm007%5ETTAB02%5Ebn&ptb=F0C57282-3D7A-45EB-910D-CB9D3BE7F121&qs=&si=CLW8-PCk4c4CFc-FaAoda8IBIw&ss=sub&st=tab&trs=wtt&tpr=sbt&ts=1495241664744&imgs=1p&filter=on&imgDetail=true tamping
· I predict that the enzyme will work at its best at 37c because that
1. Decide on a range of temperatures from 5 °C to 35 °C to be tested.
The optimal temperature appears to be slightly above room temperature for this enzyme. The reaction occurred more slowly at lower temperatures because the particles in the solution are slowing down and aren’t colliding as frequently, in the higher temperatures it slows down because the enzyme is getting denatured, this effect becomes larger as temperature increases.
When the temperature of the solution is increased, the rate of the reaction increases as well however when it reaches a certain temperature of 40ºC, it begins to decrease. This is because the activity of the enzyme will increase. When the temperature is increased, the reactant particles move faster and have more energy. The particle collisions happen more often, and the more collisions happening the faster the reaction, hence increasing the rate of the reaction. The collisions speed up due to the increase in the kinetic energy and velocity that follows when the temperature increases. When there is a faster velocity, the time that is taken between collisions is less (“Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity.”). Which also results in more molecules to reach their activation energy hence increasing the rate of
is 37°C and as soon as you go above this temperature it will cause the
If the ancient Roman innovation of concrete, were to not have been significant, it would not have continued to be used across the globe. In fact, ancient Roman hydraulic cement-based concrete was so notable that modern day scientists are trying to, “replicate the exact formula for which ancient Roman concrete was made.” This is due to ancient Roman concrete being so sturdy and strong that aspects of it have lasted over 2000 years without deterioration. Without the innovation of Roman concrete, many of the modern world’s infrastructure would not be stable, causing havoc across the globe. Also, advancements in construction, health, and even safety areas would not be possible, as almost every piece of infrastructure, from sewerage and water pipes, to building and security walls, would not be able to remain as safe to use. This is because the modern world relies so heavily on concrete, with around five billion tonnes of concrete being used around the world each year,becoming the single most widely used material in the construction industry. In fact, around 76% of all first-world infrastructure is reinforced with concrete. Without this substance, much of the modern-world's infrastructure would not be as tall or sturdy as what it currently is, as it would simply deteriorate or break. Hydraulic cement-based concrete is certainly the most significant Roman
Checking the opening of cracks and stress limits, will not be required for concrete elements. When the tensile flexural stress exceeds the effective tensile strength fcteff, then a check for pre-stressed concrete is required. This should normally occur when sections do not have tendons near the tension face or there is no exposure to chlorides, so decompression doesn’t have to be checked. The analysis using uncracked section will be done in sections controlled for decompression and have tendons near the surface tension. As the cracked section analysis is done by computer, it solves the complexity of the calculations. However, this does not mean that pre-stressed cannot be calculated directly from a set of equations as with crack width checks for RC.
The purpose of the lab was to show the effect of temperature on the rate of
In this paper we have studied compressive strength of concrete by replacing natural aggregate with recycled aggregate by 25%, 50% and 75%.This mixture formed in the sample of cubes of dimension 150x150x150mm3.
However, the decrease varied depending on the temperature. The lowest temperature, 4 degrees Celsius, experienced a very low decrease of amylose percentage. Temperature at 22 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius, both had a drastic decrease in amylose percentage. While the highest temperature, 70 degrees Celsius, experienced an increase of amylose percentage. In conclusion, as the temperature increases the percentage of amylose decreases; however, if the temperature gets too high the percentage of amylose will begin to increase. The percentage of amylose increases at high temperatures because there is less enzyme activity at high temperatures. However, when the temperature is lower, more enzyme activity will be present, which results in the decrease of amylose percentage. This is why there is a decrease of amylose percentage in 4, 22, and 37 degrees Celsius. In this experiment the optimal temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, this is because this is the average human body temperature. Therefore, amylase works better at temperatures it is familiar
Concrete is one of the world’s most popular construction materials. Some six billion tonnes of concrete is produced each year in the world, making it approximately one ton of concrete for every human being per year (Fardis, 2012, p.116). However, the lifecycle of concrete does not make it the most sustainable building material at the moment. Because of limited natural resources, concerns over green house gases, and landfill problems, concrete production is being cut-back, or at least cannot be increased to keep up with population increase. In this essay, I will look at what makes concrete an unsustainable material and possible solutions to make concrete a more sustainable material.
Now a days HPC is expensive than conventional concrete. It require additional materials in some quantities as to meet specified performance.These additional materials are cement,silica fume,...
In this report, we will introduce and illustrate on precast concrete, pre-stressed concrete, ready-mix concrete, reinforced concrete, terrazzo and Urbanite in details.
Cement is a finely ground powder binder, a material that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together, when mixed with water it forms a hardening paste of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminates hydrates. it evokes highly diverse reactions. Cement is used in mortar (a combination of sand and roughly burnt gypsum) and concrete (bulk rock-like building material made from aggregate, sand, and water). By modifying the raw material mix and the temperatures utilized in manufacturing, compositional variations can be achieved to produce cements with different qualifications. Cement, chemically speaking, is a product including lime as the primary ingredient, but it is far from the first material used for cementation. The Babylonians and Assyrians used bitumen to bind together burnt brick or alabaster
Heat treatment is a process using the controlled application of heat to change the physical and chemical properties of a material, and is commonly used in metals. However, materials such as glasses can also be heat treated despite metals only.