Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
History of racism in America
Racial inequality in America
Racial inequality in the United States
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Whiteness as a Political Construct Throughout the article of, "On Being White," by Marilyn Frye, whiteness as a whole is explained. Frye explains that whiteness is a construct that is both social and political, created by the white supremacist society we live in. The members of this group, which is one that is created by themselves, can bend the rules of society in order to favor them, such as deciding who actually is a member of the group. Two pieces of literature that directly show an understanding of whiteness has worked throughout America's history, is Pudd'nhead Wilson, by Mark Twain, and an article on The Guardian, "Black and White Twins," by Joanna Moorhead. In this paper I will explain how both of these readings show what exactly whiteness meant throughout history in both societies, with examples from the text. …show more content…
Percy Driscoll, who is a slave-owner, has property and has a slave by the name of Roxy. Roxy has a boy at the same time Percy has one, with Roxy's boy being named Chambers, and Percy's son named Tom. Although Roxy is a slave, she should be passing as a white person, as she is 1/16th white, which makes her a majority white. Chambers ends up being 1/32nd white, being even less black than his mother, yet still being a slave. This perfectly illustrates what Frye was saying on how members of the white supremacy society can bend the rules in their favor, without any further action taking upon them. Roxy and Chambers are very far off of being considered "black" yet still face the consequences of being a slave. Whiteness had been prevalent all throughout America, especially the southern part, during this time. There was nothing Roxy and Chambers could do to fix these rules, they just had to face what society wanted them to
The novel The Garies and their Friends is a realistic examination of the complex psychology of blacks who try to assimilate through miscegenation and crossing the color barrier by “passing as white.” Frank J. Webb critiques why blacks cannot pass as being white through the characters Mr. Winston and Clarence Jr.
Lipsitz, George. “The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: Racialized Social Democracy and the “White” Problem in American Studies.” 47 vols. No. 3 San Diego: University of California, American Quarterly, American Studies Association. Vol. 47, No. 3, p. 373, 374, 376, 381, 384.
Whiteness is a conceived ideology that has existed and been maintained since early history. This ideology has negatively influenced individuals of colour, causing them to receive many unfair benefits and disadvantages. In this essay, I will argue that the three most important overall features of whiteness are; that it is perceived as a normalized and dominant culture, that society considers white individuals as the most superior race and lastly that these individuals are easily granted countless of opportunities and privileges other races simply cannot have or afford. I will also show that through these features, whiteness essentially becomes a form of identity, shaping and maintaining the social institutions. Moreover, I have chosen these
Since its founding, racial tensions have plagued the United States. Our history is one of racism and intolerance. From legal slavery in our first hundred years to fear mongering over Chinese immigrants, “No Irish Need Apply” to a presidential nominee threatening to deport 11 million illegal Latino immigrants, racism scourges our nation. How society sees a person’s race affects how they see themselves, how they see others of their own race, how they view other races, and their experiences growing up. In Zora Neale Hurston’s piece, “How It Feels to Be Colored Me,” she explains coming to know herself as “Zora” instead of “a little colored girl;” she explains how she is Zora of Orange County and it’s only in contrast to whites that she is colored. On the other hand, Anzaldúa’s piece “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” looks at life when no one recognizes your race, including those in it. While both Hurston’s “How It Feels to Be Colored Me” and Anzaldúa’s “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” deal with the differences in race and racial tensions in the US, they detail vastly different struggles faced by minorities.
99). The issue, however begins when race is constructed and believed to operate as a social category or biological grouping, therefore leading to whiteness. Whiteness pertains to the power of the privileged that do not recognize their privilege over those who must live in a society constructed by and for the privileged (Dumbrill et al., 2014, pp. 43). Whiteness therefore, plays a large factor in the way dominant groups interact, view, and deal with subordinate groups within society. To further unpack whiteness it is first beneficial to understand how oppression works in relation to it. Oppression does not only involve the conscious and intentional acts of one group against another. Like privilege oppression works by creating systemic constraints that hinder subordinate groups, operating either covertly or unintentionally (Mullaly, 2010, pp. 53). Therefore whiteness has the ability to function unknowingly, unintentionally, and as a result of privilege, will remain unacknowledged as it assumes power, situates itself as the norm and constructs subordinate groups as the ethno-racial “other” (Yee & Dumbrill, 2003, pp 101). Whiteness and its inability to acknowledge itself in the greater themes of this case, allowed for the judge to
Linda Gordon (1999) studies the formation of a monolithic categorization of “whiteness” in her study The Great Arizona Orphan Abduction. Gordon analysis an incident in 1904 when multiple Irish and other “non-Anglo” orphans were transported to a small mining region in the Southwest to be adopted by Mexican families. Gordon states that the problem as the ladies [Anglo women] began to construct it right there at the station was that the lovely orphans were Anglos, not only elegantly dressed but also blond and light-skinned, and most of the crowd at the station was Mexican. The Anglo ladies began to suspect that these Mexicans were the prospective parents for the lovely white orphans (1999:42). What followed afterwards was an intense custody battle
In Marilyn Frye’s article , On Being White, she says that whiteness is a social construct. I believe she is s referring to the inbred systemic racism in our culture, which perpetuates the association of danger and violence with African Americans. In regards to white privilege the white race has the upperhand when it comes to authority. I argue that the pigmentation of a person’s skin tone , the power held by the dominant group , and the separation of colorism is a result to privilege and ostracization. I will explain these points through the article of The Guardian and excerpts from On being White by Marilyn Frye.
Schulyer pointed that abandoning oneself uniqueness can be disheartening because one’s purpose will not be fulfilled. The Black experience is beyond segregation; in addition, the Black experience encompasses every aspect of life, whether it is music or cooking styles, African-Americans contributed to society’s process. Larsen and Schulyer placed the characters Max Disher and Clare Kendry in a compromising position. Max has gone under a transformation for access to economic mobility; whereas Clare married a white man for the same accessibility, but each character had a void within them. “Race! The thing that bound and suffocated her” (Larsen 78). Clare missed being with her race so she would use Irene to reenter into a culture that she had hidden for years. Even in Clare’s home, she was not allowed to be herself for the sake of security. Larsen introduces of racial blindness as a factor when Jack references about his wife complexion. “When we first married, she was as white as a lily. But, I declare she’s getting darker and darker” (29). In this case, the husband perception was shielded by his first interaction; however, he did not consider the term or hypo-descent; which means one drop of black blood makes you black. Looking through the text, racial blindness is a referenced as an opposition. Opposing the Negro race based on color and the
There becomes a desperate need to portray whiteness and all its idealistic, attached traits as something natural, such as the attempt to quantify skin color with science in Becoming Yellow and identifying Mongolian traits such as the “Mongolian spot” and “their heads are usually oval, with flat faces, narrow eyes drawn up towards the external corners, small noses…”. This is also explained in White when white actors are presented with a luminescence glow “from within” as displayed in film. This book also addresses issues in which whites are the representative for all beings, and Dyer ponders about whites joining the “race talk,” in which he is hesitant of the “green light problem” where they are permitted to remain focused on themselves, and thus may also participate in “me-too-ism,” where they can claim similar sufferings, like, but nowhere near similar to the oppressions their nonwhite counterparts face daily. To be white is to simply be the human race. I identified more with Dyer’s book because as a white person in society, I receive certain privileges that I am only conscious of because I have taken comparative ethnic studies classes, and many of Dyer’s arguments opened up my consciousness even more to the dangers of white hegemony as the norm. I receive these
Cornel West gives a brief history of the way in which the belief of white dominance was established as an object of modernized communication in the west, without simply engaging to the objective demands of the predominant mode of production, the political concern of the
Tim Wise’s book White Like Me provides a picture of what it is like to be white in America. A main topic covered in White Like Me is white privilege. On pages 24 and 25 Wise illustrates what white privilege is and shares his opinion regarding how to address white privilege in society today. Wise’s plan for addressing white privilege is one not of guilt, but of responsibility, a difference Wise highlights. The concept of feeling guilty for white privilege lacks reason because white privilege is something built up through generations and its existence is not of any one person’s fault.
Unlike many black authors raised during the Harlem Renaissance period, Zora Neale Hurston rarely depicted blacks as victims of the oppression and racist attitudes held by white society. Instead, Hurston shows that not all blacks experience a sense of consciousness and that some are instilled with the self- independence needed to embrace one’s “blackness.” Some writers believe this view of black pride had to do with Hurston growing up in an exclusively colored town in Eatonville, Florida. With the help of various literally devices, Hurston describes her individual experiences being a colored woman in early 20th Century America, while expressing her views, despite differing from majority of the black population
Qualities of ‘Whiteness’ are deemed as ‘right’ and ‘ideal’ and it is what measures a person’s potential and capabilities. Johnson addresses that she is not seen as an average black girl because she ‘talks white’ and is superior to the girls of her race who are “ popping their gums and shaking their necks. Because those girls get like no respect.”(Johnson, E. 2014, 1:58) She informs that society does not deem her as the average black girl because of her lighter pigmented skin, but because she is well mannered, speaks with class and is educated. It is seen here that whiteness is not just about “bodies and skin colour”, it is, in fact, a superior characteristic that has elevated her ‘blackness’ by adopting white practices (Moreton-Robinson, A.
In addition, this piece offers no less than a radical transformation of the United States’ application of the concept of democracy, especially within the confines of racial consciousness. By analyzing the dispersion of European exceptionalism and Western-centrism, Daniel illustrates how race has been constructed in the United States. The “one-drop rule” (i.e. being considered black if you have at least one ancestor of sub-Saharan-African ancestry) compelled people to identify as black or white, in effect removing mixed-race individuals from the social landscape. Due to these conditions, many mixed-raced individuals have attempted to acquire the socioeconomic advantages of being considered white, which Daniel defines as “passing.” Throughout history, interracial marriages were condemned, but have become more common throughout the last few decades and those individuals that are biracial and multiracial as a result of those unions have demanded institutional changes that would acknowledge the plight of multiple racial backgrounds and challenged society to move toward reform of perspectives, both socially and politically. This analysis of biracial and multiracial groups and the evolution of the United States concerning the consciousness of race, as well as social justice for all, was added to bolster the perspective gained through conversation with “Mr.
Essay 1: WRITE A COHERENT ESSAY IN WHICH YOU ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN THE USE OF BLACK ICONIC IMAGES (AND OTHER ETHNIC IMAGES) TO SELL PRODUCTS AS THE ECONOMY OF MASS CONSUMPTION EXPANDED IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY. YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO INCLUDE IMAGES IN YOUR PAPER! During the 19th and 20th century, America –mostly white collar, middle class Americans- saw a great increase in salaries and a huge rise in mass production which paved the way for the modern American consumerism which we know today. The advertising scene saw a dramatic boost during that period and tried to latch on to this growing pool of emerging consumers. Although only limited to print, advertising during this pivotal period showed panache and reflected American society and popular culture.