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Discussion 2: classical conditioning
The strength of Freud's view
4 basic principles of classical conditioning
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According to Freud, the id is the most primal province of the human psyche. Operating on what Freud calls the pleasure principle, it is the part of the mind that is constantly striving to obtain gratification by whatever means possible, without regard to future consequences and punishments (Meyers, 2008). It is the first province of the mind that forms. As a fetus, one has no context of the social and moral laws of the society around it, and so it only pursues its emotional and physical needs, much like an animal. To better emphasize Freud’s ideas, one can look to the infamous author Mark Twain and his essay on “Man’s Place in the Animal World” written in 1898. Twain explains in this essay that man is the only animal on earth that has the ability to be evil—no other creature possesses the neurological advancement needed to construct an idea of a moral sense. In short, humans alone have created and distinguished between the concepts of “right” and “wrong” and thus have cursed themselves to be able to choose between the two (Twain & Budd, 1992). In example, a human that kills another human is inevitably labeled as evil, yet an animal that kills another animal evades judgement because it has no moral sense. Freud would argue that animals do not yet possess …show more content…
This is called classical conditioning. To demonstrate this phenomenon, Pavlov used dogs for his experiments. The dogs would be presented with a neutral stimulus, a clicking noise, and then they were given food, which caused them to salivate and increase their dopamine levels. After this process was repeated a number of times, it was discovered that the dogs would salivate upon being presented with the neutral stimulus, the click, only. This means that they began to associate the clicking noise with
Freud stated the individuals were born with an id located in their unconscious. The main goal of the id follows the pleasure principle (?). The id looks to get whatever it wants no matter the outcome. In newborns, it is like
The id is considered to be unconscious activity that strives to fulfill basic needs such as those required for survival, procreation, and aggression (Mcleod, 2013). It is also considered to be the instant gratification state that is concerned with the here and now (Myers, pg. 425). When I picture our species operating on this level alone I envision complete mayhem.
Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 to Jewish Galician parents in the Moravian town of Pribor in the Austrian Empire (“Sigmund Freud” n. pag). During his education in the medical field, Freud decided to mix the career fields of medicine and philosophy to become a psychologist (“Sigmund Freud” n. pag). During his research as a psychologist, he conceived the Structural Model Theory, which he discussed in his essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle. The theory states that the human psyche is divided into three main parts: the id, ego, and super-ego (“Id, Ego, and Super-ego” n. pag). He concluded that the id was the desire for destruction, violence and sex; the ego was responsible for intellect and dealing with reality; and the super-ego was a person’s sense of right and wrong and moral standards (Hamilton, n. pag). Freud argued that a healthy individual will have developed the strongest ego to keep the id and super-ego in check (“Id, Ego, and Super-ego” n. p...
Throughout the novel what stands out the most for me in “We The Animals” is that the narrator is gay and his family can’t face the face the fact that the good kid at of all turned that way. When the family read the narrator diary they saw a different perspective on the narrator. In my opinion, that 's an invasion of privacy and should of asked permission. The narrator wrote “ I had written fantasises about the men I met at the bus station, about what I wanted me”. How the narrator felt was his fears dimmed to black and his vision blurred. If somebody ever read my journal without my okay i will be furious and embarrassed because the person read my journal. I know how hard it for him when his family found out, he felt alone and panicked and
In addition to Freud’s stages of development his best-known concepts are those of the id, ego, and superego (Crain, p. 268). The id personality called ‘the unconscious” is the personality that focuses on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain through reflexes and drives such as hunger or bladder tensions (Crain, pp. 268-269). The id concept is impulsive, chaotic and unrealistic.
Ivan Pavlov developed a theory called classical conditioning which proposes that learning process occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex like associating the food with the bell in Pavlov experiment. In classical conditioning, behavior is learnt by association where a stimulus that was originally neutral can become a trigger for substance use or cravings due to repeated associations between those stimuli and substance use (Pavlov, 1927).
Sigmund Freud believes the id is innate in a child, it acts on pure immediate pleasure. As the child grows older, it develops the regulatory ego which confronts the self-indulgent id with logical choices. As some people age, their ego might not develop as expected. Lorelai Gilmore is Freud’s idea of the id, embodied. When she makes choices, logic is usually an afterthought as she generally thinks only of her happiness. Throughout ...
The first part of the personality is the id, which begins developing from birth. The id is responsible for getting a person’s basic needs met. The id is based on the “pleasure principle”, meaning it
The strength of classical conditioning is that it can help to explain all aspects of human behavior. Any of behavior can broke down into stimulus-response association, so that according to the classical conditioning, conditioned stimulus will lead conditioned response to occur, then the scientist can observe and determine the behavior (McLeod, 2014). In the case of Pavlovian conditioning, he found that when the conditioned stimulus (bell) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) was presented to the dog, it would start to salivate. After a number of repeated this procedures, Pavlov tried to ring his bell by its own...
The basis of this approach is that psychological factors play a major role in determining behaviour and shaping personality. Freud argued that personality is composed of three major systems the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (biological part of personality) is present at birth and consists of inherited instincts and all psychological energies. The id operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking to reduce tension, avoid pain and obtain pleasure. The ego (executive part of personality) is conscious part of the mind, the “real” us.
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory was based on the belief that human personality is made up of three components: the id, ego and superego. These three components are arranged in a hierarchy order with the id at the basal end, the ego in the middle and the super ego at the pinnacle. The id at the base, seeks instantaneous pleasure and fulfillment, driven by the pleasure principle. The id wants what it wants, when it wants it regardless of whether or not it is possible to satisfy that particular want or need. The presence or logic of reality or societal behavior has no effect on the id. For example, if an infant is thirsty and sees a bottle of water, he will take the bottle and drink even if it belonged to someone else and he did not have permission to drink, all that matters is that the needs have been met.
“Psychological - or more strictly speaking, psychoanalytic -investigation shows that the deepest essence of human nature, which are similar in all men and which aim at the satisfaction of certain needs... [are] self-preservation, aggression, need for love, and the impulse to attain pleasure and avoid pain...” At its simplest form, this quote perfectly explains Sigmund Freud’s theory on human nature. Human beings, according to Freud, are in a constant state of conflict within themselves; trying to satisfy their animalistic instincts, while also maintaining a socially appropriate life. Freud termed these animalistic tendencies that we have, the Id. The Id is essentially our unconscious mind, it is the part of us that has been there since the day we were born and is what drives our life’s needs and desires. The Id simply aims to satisfy our sexual or aggressive urges immediately, without taking into account any further implications. On the other hand, Freud used the term, the Superego, to describe man’s conscience and sense of morality. It is the Superego’s job to keep the Id in check by combatting the desire to satisfy urges with the feeling of guilt or anxiety. Finally, the Ego, is the conscious representation of the constant battle between the Superego and the Id. It must work to satisfy human’s instinctual tendencies while taking into account their conscience and doing what is rational and acceptable. Freud argues that these internal process that are constantly at work in our mind are what shape humans to do the things that they do. Thus, he believes, the goal of human nature is to satisfy our basic aggressive and sexual desires while adhering to cultural and social standards.
From a Freudian perspective, human development is based on psychosexual theory (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development (Shaffer et al., 2010). It was Freud’s perspective that there are three components of personality (the id, ego, and superego) that become integrated into his five stage theoretical model. The id was the biological or drive component that is innate from birth. The sole purpose of the Id is satiate an individual’s internal drives (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). The ego is the conscious portion of our personality that mediates between our id and superego. Throughout development the ego reflects the child’s emerging ability to...
This is selective reinforcement. Pavlov and his dogs were and excellent example of operant conditioning. Pavlov rang a bell when it was time for the dogs to eat; eventually the dogs associated the bell with food. Each time the bell rang the dogs salivated. On the other hand, N.Chomsky who was a nativist argued that children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD).
In examining the Freudian view of human development, the main characteristic of human development is one of a primitive and sexual nature. Freud defines the id as a unconscious part of the mind focused on the primitive self and is the source of the demands of basic needs. Freud explains that the mind of an infant consists only of the id, driving the basic needs for comfort, food, warmth, and love. In later stages of early development, as a child’s mind begins to grow, the ego is formed. The ego is defined as the connection between consciousness and reality that controls one’s thought and behavior. In late pre-school years a child begins to develop what is called a superego. At this stage values are internalized, and the complex connection between the id, ego, and supere...