Introduction to Computer Forensics
Assignment 1
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
By: Daniel Ivers
Student No: 20068461
I. Abstract
I. Introduction
What is Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA)? My loose explanation of it is, (BPA) is the scientific study of the direction and shape of a bloodstain after an accident or incident has taken place. Once carefully examined a conclusion can then take place to determine many things like, where the person(s) was standing on impact, what force caused the impact, how hard the person(s) was hit, and was this force the cause of death, if death occurred in the case. Bevel and Gardner (2001), explain (BPA) as “the examination of the physical nature of bloodstains provides information specific to the events that occurred during the incidents.” Bevel and Gardner (2001) also go on to show in more
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Projected blood spatter, will produce 1.0ml of blood and this is a minimum. A lot of this type of spatter will resemble spine shaped stains that emit from a central area of blood. (James, Kish and Sutton, 2005)
A sub-type of projected spatter is cast-off, this spatter is the end product of a swinging motion, usually in an arc shape. How this spatter comes about, is when an attacker swings an already bloodied object. The shape this stain leaves can give forensic analysts an insight into what direction the object was swung from because the tails on the stains are pointing in the direction of motion in which the object was swung.
Another projection mechanism is what is called Arterial spray, this is one of the more serious mechanisms, although all are serious, but this type indicates that a major artery has been detached. The continuous pumping of the heart gushes blood form the severed artery. The patterns are more inconsistent here, because each time the heart pumps it will leave an entirely new blood stain
In Blood In Blood Out is a drama directed by Taylor Hackford, and starring Damian Chapa (Miklo), Benjamin Bratt (Paco), and Jesse Borrego (Cruz), produced by Hollywood Pictures. The film was based off everyday life in East Los Angeles, from the 1970’s through the 1980’s. Damian Chapa stars as Miklo in the film, a Mexican-American who wanted to be accepted, not by his skin but for the Mexican within him. Benjamin Bratt (Paco) was the older cousin of Miklo, who learned his lesson throughout the movie and changed his ways. Jesse Borrego (Cruz) is the step-brother of Paco who was a talent artist, who ended up turning to drugs because of back problems caused by a rival gang incident.
“Blood Spatter Analysis-Youtube.” Blood Spatter Analysis-Youtube. Renee Blake.
Capote opposes the death penalty, almost pleading that Perry is insane. As the Psychologist is unsure of whether or not Perry is insane, the court quickly shuts that escape route down. The imminent death of Perry and Dick makes the reader feel split on the two, where they would rather have Dick put to death and let Perry live, if the reader so chooses that Perry is insane.
The killer is the main draw in for a giallo audience and their unmasking or demise is usually the climax of films. In most cases of giallo films the victims know or know of their killer and in both Bava and Cavara's films this plot device is used. In Blood and Black Lace Bava focuses on a power play relationship where the killer is unmasked as none other than the widowed Countess Cristina, owner of the fashion house, who retaliated to being threatened by her employee by killing her. Cristina's position raises the social issue of abuse to employees by employers. As the red diary reveals that her fashion house is actually a front for a house riddled with scandal (blackmail, forced abortions and drug addictions) and the disappearance of this diary
Hitting an artery: Arterial pulsation will be felt when palpating the vessel therefore this should not happen. Bright red blood will propel out under force if an artery is penetrated. In this circumstance you should release the tourniquet, take out the needle and apply pressure for five minutes to ensure the stoppage of blood flow (haemostasis). Make sure the site has stopped bleeding prior to the patient leaving. Recommend that they return to the surgery in order to make sure they are fine and checked - a physician should always check the patient before being released. If the patient is an in-hospital patient you need to alert a nurse or on duty doctor who will make sure the patient is checked for any re-bleed.
The Structure and Functions of the Arteries Arteries are blood vessels that convey blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. The arteries expand and then constrict with each beat of the heart, a rhythmic movement that may be felt as the pulse. Arteries are usually named from the part of the body that they are found, for example; brachial artery found in the arms, metacarpal artery found in the wrist; or from the organ which they supply as the hepatic artery supplies the liver, pulmonary artery brings deoxygenated blood the lungs. The facial artery is the branch of the external carotid artery that passes up over the lower jaw and supplies the superficial portion of the face; the haemorrhoidal arteries are three vessels that supply the lower end of the rectum; the intercostal arteries are the arteries that supply the space between the ribs; the lingual artery is the branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the tongue. The structure of the artery enables it to perform its function more efficiently.
The human body is an amazing machine, we have cells, tissues, organs and organ system that come together to create the human race. Each system plays a key role in our bodies mechanism. Without each systems our bodies would not function properly, but what happens when one of these system fails? The Cardiovascular system components are blood, blood vessels and the heart. The hearts function is to pump blood to all the major organs and tissues (Circulatory). It’s also important to be aware of the derivation that our bodies may encounter, for example a stroke. In this passage I discuss different types of strokes, what are the signs and symptoms and after care for this disorder of the cardiovascular system.
There are three main types of strokes: ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and transient ischemic stroke. Ischemic strokes occur due to an obstruction or clotting of a blood vessel or artery. There are two types of ischemic strokes: embolic and thrombotic strokes. An embolic stroke is when a blood clot or other substance forms in the body, travels through the blood stream, and eventually becomes lodged in a small blood vessel or artery supplying blood to the brain. A thrombotic stroke is when a blockage forms in one or more arteries to the brain. The second type of stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, is due to a rupture of a weakened blood vessel. There are two major ways in which blood vessels can weaken: aneurysm, a ballooning of a weak area in a blood vessel, and arteriovenous malformations (AVM), an abnormal connection of arteries to veins. A hemorrhagic stroke can either be an intraccerebral stroke, a bleed caused by a blood vessel within the brain, or a subarachnoid stroke, an aneurysm rupture in a large artery near the membrane surrounding the brain. Lastly, transient ischemic attacks are temporary traveling clots that cause “miniature” or “warning” strokes.
This research is important and can be applied in investigation of a crime scenes by experts who then proceed to courts and give opinion evidence basing on the data and inference they have come up with: Just like in the case of Massachusetts v Woodward, whereby Dr. Lois E.H. Smith, M.D., Ph.D., an ophthalmologist observed retinal hemorrhages judging which is a characteristic of SBS.
Trace evidence was first discovered by Edmond Locard. Edmond Locard was born in 1877, and founded the Institute of Lyon’s Institute of Criminalistics. He is also known for advancing the science of fingerprints. In 1910 he was authorized to start a small forensic laboratory in the Palais de Justice which he directed until 1951.While there he worked on criminal identification methods including poroscopy- the microscopic examination of fingerprints; analyses of body fluids, hair and skin; and graphometry or handwriting analysis. He is the man responsible for coming up with the theory that when two objects come in contact with each other they leave some kind of material matter behind. This theory was later called Locard’s Exchange Principle. The idea is that the evidence can be used to associate objects, individuals or locations with one another." A person typically loses about 100 hairs a day. These hairs may be of evidentiary value to show contact between two people. With an adequate hair standard, a trace chemist will be able to microscopically compare a...
The criminal justice system has changed a lot since the good old days of the Wild West when pretty much anything was legal. Criminals were dealt with in any fashion the law enforcement saw fit. The science of catching criminals has evolved since these days. We are better at catching criminals than ever and we owe this advancement to forensic science. The development of forensic science has given us the important techniques of fingerprinting and DNA analysis. We can use these techniques to catch criminals, prove people's innocence, and keep track of inmates after they have been paroled. There are many different ways of solving crimes using forensic evidence. One of these ways is using blood spatter analysis; this is where the distribution and pattern of bloodstains is studied to find the nature of the event that caused the blood spatter. Many things go into the determination of the cause including: the effects of various types of physical forces on blood, the interaction between blood and the surfaces on which it falls, the location of the person shedding the blood, the location and actions of the assailant, and the movement of them both during the incident. Another common type of forensic evidence is trace evidence. This is commonly recovered from any number of items at a crime scene. These items can include carpet fibers, clothing fibers, or hair found in or around the crime scene. Hairs recovered from crime scenes can be used as an important source of DNA. Examination of material recovered from a victim's or suspect's clothing can allow association to be made between the victim and other people, places, or things involved in the investigation. DNA analysis is the most important part of forensic science. DNA evidence can come in many forms at the crime scene. Some of these forms include hair; bodily fluids recovered at the crime scene or on the victim's body, skin under the victim's fingernails, blood, and many others. This DNA can be the basis of someone's guilt or innocence; it has decided many cases in the twentieth century. As the times continue to change and the criminals get smarter we will always need to find new ways to catch them. Forensic science is the most advanced method yet, but is only the beginning. As the field of science grows so will the abilities of the
In order to reconstruct a crime scene, analysis must classify the bloodstain spatter, and there are many way to classify blood stain patterns: bloodstain spatter by velocity and bloodstain through taxonomy. In the classification of the bloodstain spatter by velocity, there are three basic categories of stain groups...
Blood stains are one type of evidence that can be found at a crime scene. Blood that is still in the liquid form should be picked up on a gauze pad. Once the blood is dried thoroughly it should be refrigerated and sent to the Laboratory (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 1). If the blood stain is found dried on clothing, the officer should wrap the piece of clothing in clean paper and place it in a sealed and labeled container. An object with dried blood stains needs to be sent to the Laboratory if it is small enough. If the object is too large to send, then using a clean knife the stain needs to be scraped onto a clean piece of paper, which then can be folded and placed in an envelope (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 2). When collecting autopsy blood samples, the officer should request that the pathologist obtain the sample directly from the heart and place it in a yellow or purple stoppered vacutainer. If the victim is still alive but in serious need of a blood transfusion, then the pre-transfusion blood sample needs to be obtained promptly before the hospital discards it (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 4). It is important for the Laboratory to receive all blood samples within 48 ho...
fluid for you. You can check the count on a hemacytometer if you want, but no one does