Altering the Amount of Heat Produced When Magnesium Reacts with Sulphuric Acid
When energy in the form of heat is given out of a reaction it is an
exothermic reaction. Exothermic reactions usually need activation
energy, the energy to break the bonds in the chemicals and to start
the reaction. Once the bonds are broken new stronger bonds are formed.
In an exothermic reaction energy in the form so heat is given out to
the surrounding when the products are formed. Therefore there is an
average rise in temperature; energy is lost which results in a
negative ?H.
The outcome variable for this experiment is to conclude what changes
can be made to vary the heat energy when magnesium is reacted with
sulphuric acid.
Magnesium + Sulphuric Acid ¡ú Magnesium Sulphate + Hydrogen
Mg (s) + H2SO4 (a) ¡ú MgSO4 (a) + H2 (g)
There are many variables which can be changed in some way to effect
the reaction, some of which are listed below:-
Volume of Sulphuric Acid
Concentration of Sulphuric Acid
Initial temperature of Sulphuric Acid
Motion of liquid (speed of stirring)
Amount and size of magnesium
Purity of magnesium
The extent of oxidation on the surface of the magnesium
Addition of Catalysts
Size of Container
Temperature of surrounding environment
Pressure at which reaction is conducted
Insulation of the test-tube
Height of thermometer above the base of the test-tube
Explaining variables
In solutions of higher concentration, particles are closer together.
They have a greater chance of colliding. Because there are more
collisions the reaction rate is greater.
How does temperature affect the rate of a chem...
... middle of paper ...
...by encasing each
experiment to prevent any changes in temperature at the start of the
reaction to the end of the reaction from affecting the experiment.
Extensions to the investigation
Computers could be used to carry out data logs of the temperature
during the experiment to give a more reliable and more accurate
account of the experiments and to help distinguish patterns between
concentration, heat produced and rate of reaction throughout each
reaction.
More concentrations of acid could be used to see if they also have
similar affects on the temperature rise.
Different substances could be reacted to see if they behave similarly.
More repeats could be carried out to qualify the findings. These could
be done under different conditions to see how the reactions react
under a colder or hotter environment.
Hess’s Law is also an important concept in this lab. It states that the enthalpy of a reaction is independent of the steps it takes to go from reactant to a product. It happens because enthalpy is a state function. A state function depends on the initial and final state but not the actual process. The Hess’s Law is used to calculate the heat formation of Magnesium Oxide. The amount of heat necessary to create one more mole of a substance is called the Enthalpy of Formation.
type of energy is lost or gained, and whether or not a factor that is
During catabolism, chemical energy such as ATP is released. The energy released during catabolism is released in three phases. During the first phase, large molecules are broken down. These include molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. These molecules are converted into amino acids and carbohydrates are converted into different types of sugar. The lipids are broken down into fatty acids
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid
energy was given out or taken in. We can show this on a graph. Alcohol
The Effects of Concentration on Reaction Rate with Sodium Thiosulphate ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Planning = == == =
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium Introduction In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium. Hydrochloric acid will dissolve the magnesium and produce hydrogen. gas. The sand is All chemical reactions involve reactants which when mixed may cause a chemical reactions which will make products. In my case, the reactants are hydrochloric acid and magnesium ribbon.
The hydrogen and the hydroxide ions react to form water. As bonds are made this is an exothermic reaction so heat will be given out and this will be shown as an increase in temperature. The chemical energy will be negative ( H is minus). APPRATUS/MATERIALS:- 1. Polystyrene cup [IMAGE] 2.
In order for a system to gain energy the surroundings have to supply it, and visa versa when the system looses energy the surroundings must gain it. As the energy is transferred it can be converted form its original form to another as the transfer takes place, but the energy will never be created or destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, basically restates that energy can’t be destroyed or created “as follows: the total energy of the universe is a constant.” All around the conservation of energy is applied. When gasoline burns in the engine of a car, an equal amount of work and heat appear as the energy is released. The heat from the engine warms its surroundings, the cars parts, the air, and the passenger area. The heat energy is converted into the electrical energy of the radio, chemical energy of the battery, and radiant energy of the lights. The change in the sum of all of the energies formed from the burnt gasoline would be equal to the “…change in energy between the reactants and products.” Biological processes, like photosynthesis, also follow energy conservation. The green plants convert the radiant energy emitted by the Sun into useful chemical energy, such as the oxygen that we breathe. The energy transferred between any surroundings and any system can be in the form of various types of work, chemical, mechanical, radiant, electrical, or heat.
energy out of a nuclear reaction than we put in. First, the energy per fission
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction of Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid
Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously. If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the ?collision theory?.
This definition of this law states that energy converts from one form to another and it cannot be created nor destroyed. Its attempt to explain the universe and energy narrows the boundaries of intricacy to present a sophisticated understanding. At times, people do not pay attention where energy comes from, but it appears in their surroundings and in what they partake in doing. While it is not tangible, it exists through vision such as fire, electricity, and even humans doing work, which ties to energy. One example is that “turning on a light [switch] would seem to produce energy; however, it is electrical energy that is converted” (“The Three Laws of Thermodynamics”). All objects that handles electricity follows this law of thermodynamics where energy is transferred to the light to produce the energy to allow the light to work. For change in energy, heat transfer along with the work output applies for greater energy. A relating scenario that intertwines with this is an example of how a hot object such as coffee can transfer its heat, which is also energy, to a person’s hand, and after it can disperse and decrease in temperature. Furthermore, ever since Carnot’s contribution to thermodynamics, scientists apply this knowledge for the energy around people. Through experiments, energy exists around the world and harnessing