Jacket Rig
The jacket platform fixes the structure in the seabed using piles and includes three parts such as topside module, jacket and pile foundation. The jacket platform is characterized by good adaptability, high safety and high reliability and has become the primary structure form in the development of beach and shallow sea oil and gas field. . The template was derived from the function of the first offshore structures to serve as a guide for the piles. The piles, after being driven, are cut off above the templates, and the deck is placed on top of the piles. The template is prevented from settling by being welded to the piles’ tops with a series of rings and gussets. Hence, the template carries no load from the deck but merely hangs
…show more content…
Jack-ups are towed to the drill site with the hull, which is actually a water-tight barge that floats on the water's surface, lowered to the water level, and the legs extended above the hull. When the rig reaches the drill site, the crew jacks the legs downward through the water and into the sea floor (or onto the sea floor with mat supported jack-ups). This anchors the rig and holds the drilling deck well above the waves.
Depth: shallow 90 - 140 m
Advantages: Mobile- stable when elevated- low cost & efficient- Provide space for equibments
Disadvantages: Depends on weather windows for placement-restricted to shallow areas-blowout can cause collapse of platform due to soil
…show more content…
It is equipped with HC processing equipment for separation and treatment of crude oil, water and gases, arriving on board from sub-sea oil wells via flexible pipelines.
Treated oil is transferred to cargo tanks in the FPSO ship’s hull. Treated gas is used as fuel for on-board power generation, and excess gas is either re-injected back into the subsea reservoirs or exported via a pipeline to shore. Water that is produced during production is discharged overboard, within the environmental limits. Alternatively, water may be injected into the reservoirs.
The FPSO concept allows oil companies to produce oil in more remote areas and in deeper water than would have been economically possible with other technology, like fixed piled structures. Furthermore, it has storage capacity for the treated crude oil produced and is equipped with an offloading system to transfer the crude oil to shuttle tankers for shipment to refineries, rather than requiring a pipeline to transport oil to shore. The difference between the systems is that the FPSO is also directly connected with the oil drilling while the FSO is only concerned with
would have the capacity to transport 525,000 barrels of oil per day. The project would
Actually the idea is quite simple really, it consists of a floor above the hull with open drain plugs in the rear of the boat and above the water line. By this simple method as water comes in to the boat it will drain right out of the back. If too much weight is in the boat then water will simply come in through the drain holes. This is no worry to me because I can always just put some plugs in the drain holes when carrying a heavy load. I made the decision to build the aluminum skiff 17ft long and strong enough to hold an outboard motor with a mass of 141kg (approx. mass of 90Hp Mercury).
The second type of vessel bottom is a round with keel design. The keel design is a narrow V-shaped hull that extends underneath to create a centerline to keep it from rolling over in rough waters. A few problems with the rounded keel hull are that it cannot travel in shallow waters. This type of boat is also more expensive to build than a flat-bottom Jon boat.
affects the ecosystem. The land's incline prevents some areas to receive and maintain a water
This Environmental Impact Statement and its enclosed project alternatives can be reviewed for project approval as well as any additional scoping that may be necessary. The preferred build alternative should be selected because of the low environmental impact and beneficial economic benefits compared to the other build and no-build alternatives.
pipelines. By-products are separated and cleaned at a gas processing plant. Dry natural gas is
...rth trying to make possible in the near future. With the idea of a Surf-Step hull being relatively new idea, there are still many more modifications and specifications that have to be made to it of for it. Some modifications that would have to be made are an extension to the bottom aft on either side of the propeller to reduce hull drag .A further enhancement would be to place a shroud around the upper section of the propeller. A lip on the shroud aft of the propeller would help pressurize the water on the propeller. If this extends out to the hull side extensions, the propeller will be operating in a tunnel formation.The primary hull step would have to be located forward of the center of pressure in order to prevent porpoising.The forces produced by the surface piercing propeller, move the center of pressure well forward of the center of gravity.
...l feedstock. If ANWR drilling is allowed, our domestic crude oil production can reach a feasible rate of 10 million barrels per day by 2020. Additionally, with innovations in technology and better consumption habits are implemented, factors like: fuel efficient vehicles can be produced, electric battery created, and natural gas in freight transportation can be extended.
Fracking is a fairly new drilling technique that uses a form of horizontal drilling through the earth to retrieve oil at certain depths. Once it breaks the surface of the ground, a “well” is drilled vertically down until the desired depth is reached. Once there it proceeds to make a 90 degree turn and will begin to drill horizontally for several thousands of feet where they believe the natural gas is. From there a mixture of water, sand, and various chemicals are pumped into the well at exceedingly high pressures. According to clean water action, “This is done to create fissures in the rock in which the gas can escape through” (“All about fracking” 1). Once the gas escapes through the fissures, it is pulled back up to the surface. There they proceed to process the oil, refine it and then ship it to the market. However the process is not over. The “wastewater” returns to the surface and is held in large steel tanks until a long-term waste solution can be reached.
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
For example, Hydrofracking; What is hydrofracking? Gas industries use hydrofracking to extract natural gases from shale ground in order to power Americans homes. When gas industries hydrofrack, they dig ten-thousand feet into the mantle of the earth and turn perpendicular to the t into shale layers with cement and steel casing to prevent leaks. Then rupture the layer of sediment with high pressures of water, sand and a plethora of chemicals. Once the chemicals are saturated in the crevices of the drill site, they extract the excess fluid and then ship them to market.
...en wrapped around a roller that was set in a wood or iron box securely fastened to the ground about twice the height of the tree away. A crank would then be turned rotating a wheel at the end of the roller until the tree bent to the ground with its roots pulled up. The tree feller left no roots in the ground and was quick. Another invention that was developed during the canal era was the stump puller. A chain was wrapped around a stump and then attached to a spool that was about fourteen feet across. A team of mules or oxen pulled a cable on the spool, the chain lost slack eventually pulling the stump. The stump puller was expensive, but was efficient and pulled forty stumps a day.
Also the land has to perk which means the land is not too wet and is safe for a structure and allows a septic tank to be installed that will function properly.
made from oil and natural gas. Using plastics to replace packaging materials such as metal
There are different types of dredgers, however, for the Palm Islands project, the trailing suction hopper dredge (TSHD) was used because it is the only non-stationary dredger. This is because the dredger had to move from the area of suction to the area of deposition. The trailing suction hopper dredge has suction tubes dragged over the seabed during dredging, dredge pumps to suck the material, hopper where the dredged material settles and a swell compensator to control the contact between the suction mouth and seabed when dredging. In as much as Dubai has plenty of sand since it is a desert, the right type of sand that was cohesive enough could be used and it was only found in the seabed.