Acid Base Extraction The purpose of this laboratory assignment was two-fold, first, we were to demonstrate the extraction of acids and bases, finally, determining what unknowns were present. Second, we were to extract caffeine from tea. These two assignment will be documented in two separate entities. Introduction: Acid/base extraction involves carrying out simple acid/base reactions in order to separate strong organic acids, weak organic acids neutral organic compounds and basic organic substances. The procedure for this laboratory assignment are on the following pages. 3) Separation of Carboxylic Acid, a Phenol and a Neutral Substance The purpose of this acid/base extraction is to separate a mixture of equal parts of benzoic acid(strong acid) and 2-naphthanol(weak base) and 1,4- dimethoxybenzene(neutral) by extracting from tert-butylmethyl ether(very volatile).The goal of this experiment was to identify the three components in the mixture and to determine the percent recovery of each from the mixture. 4) Separation of a Neutral and Basic Substance A mixture of equal parts of a neutral substance containing either naphthalene or benzoin and a basic substance containing either 4-chloroaniline or ethyl 4-aminobenzoate were to be separated by extraction from an ether solution. Once the separation took place, and crystallization was carried out, it became possible to determine what components were in the unknown mixture, by means of a melting point determination. Results Procedure Observations Inference Dissolve 3.05g Phenol Mixture was a golden-Neutral acid in 30ml brown/yellow color t-butyl methyl ether in Erlenmeyer flask and transfer mixture to 125ml separatory funnel using little ether to complete the transfer Add 10 ml of water Organic layer=mixture aqueous layer=water(clear) Add 10 ml saturated aqueous Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 dissolves in solution sodium bicarbonate ... ... middle of paper ... ...sp; Caffeine salicylate is a Pasteur pipette while the isolated(white color) formed. beaker is in the ice bath then vacuum filter. Caffeine beaker: 51.61g -51.56g .05g = 50mg % yield = .05g x 100% = 20% .25g Caffeine salicylate: 17.198g -17.036g .062g % yield = .062g x 100% = 25% .25g Conclusion According to the HPLC graph that follows, my product was very pure. The actual melting point of caffeine salicylate is 137 degree(C), my product was found to have a melting point of 138 degrees (C). As before, of course this experiment was not done completely error-free, the error is due almost entirely on human error.
Hydrochloric acid is the clear colourless solutions of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, hydrochloric acid is also a highly corrosive substance and a strong mineral acid meaning they are formed from inorganic compounds, hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid meaning that it can only ionize one H+ ion. As a result hydrochloric acid can be used in a wide range of industrial practices such as removing rust from steel, ore processing, the production of corn syrup and making of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric acid is made using a very straight forward method which involves dissolving hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, releasing the H+ cation and Cl- anion. In this aqueous form the H+ ion joins water to form a hydronium ion (H3O+)
The Bible, the inspired word of God clearly lays out that lying and cheating are sinful and lead to paths of destruction. Several verses outline on why the overall issues of using steroids in sports is morally and biblically wrong. In James 1:7 it states, “So whoever knows the right thing to do and fails to do it, for him it is sin.” These athletes make a conscious decision to use the performance enhancers even though they know it is cheating and lying. The verse in James clearly stated that when you do the wrong thing even when you know what the correct thing is, it is sin. Another moral issue with the use of enhancers is the dignity and honor of the individuals that uses them. Several verses throughout the Bible describe how important it is to walk with integrity and honor. Proverbs 28:7 clearly outlines the issue of walking a life with integrity when it says, “Better is a poor man who walks in his integrity than a rich man who is crooked in his ways.” This verse describes that God views a man that walks in dignity with little accomplishments as better than a man who walks with little honor and multiple accomplishments. The use of steroids is morally and biblically wrong and God clearly highlights this in his word through several verses describing lying, cheating, dignity, and
The play Macbeth, written by Shakespeare, is a story that revolves around reversals and the idea that “fair is foul and foul is fair” (I.i.12). One of the most intriguing characters in the story is Lady Macbeth, who manipulates her husband Macbeth to carry out her nefarious plans. Her obsession over the prophecy that Macbeth will be king incites her to convince Macbeth that he must murder Duncan. Lady Macbeth introduces her own view of masculinity that stems from the idea that men are inherently reckless and greedy. Although Macbeth contemplates whether or not to murder Duncan, Lady Macbeth taunts and persuades Macbeth by challenging his masculinity. She envisions a man to be someone who will take any actions — regardless if violent — to attain his goals. In this way, Lady Macbeth is like a puppeteer who pulls the strings for Macbeth. Because Lady Macbeth appeals to so many male characteristics and acts overpowering in her relationship with Macbeth, it is evident that Lady Macbeth is suffering from gender dysphoria due to her immense desires to
Gallium is a metal that was discovered in 1875 by Paul Emile Lecoq De Boisbaudren and is a “byproduct of the manufacture of aluminum” (“Gallium.” Web). Gallium has a low melting point of 29.76°c which is just slightly above room temperature. But even with an unusually low melting temperature, gallium has a very high boiling point of 2204°c. “Gallium expands by 3.1% when it solidifies” (“Gallium.” Avalon). Gallium was an element that was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev and it “Validated his periodic table of elements” (“Gallium.” Avalon). When in solid form, Gallium has a Silver and reflective appearance.
Characters in Macbeth frequently dwell on issues of gender. Lady Macbeth manipulates her husband by questioning his manhood, wishes that she herself could be ?unsexed,? and does not contradict Macbeth when he says that a woman like her should give birth only to boys. In the same manner that Lady Macbeth goads her husband on to murder, Mac...
== Refer to, Chemistry Lab #1 – What’s the substance? However, I changed some of procedures during my experiment, here is the changes I made in this experiment: * I only used the toothpick to place a small amount of each sample on a separate piece of paper, instead of the spatula.
Coffee on the other hand does not naturally have any sugar, but there is an opportunity to choose to have sugar or not, unlike energy drink which sugar is part of the ingredient used for its production ,on the other hand, coffee can reduce the risk of a number of disease like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Coffee helps medication works faster due to caffeine content. Studies show that after 4-7 minutes of ingestion of coffee there will be urine release from the gallbladder to the urethra, which means it help to flitter the kidney and prevent from liver damage also coffee stimulate gallbladder contraction and colonic motor
Set in Hell, the vision of the underworld is nothing the characters imagined as they are escorted to a Second Empire styled hotel. This is all ironic, in the fact that Sartre never believed in perdition. He uses this fictitious place to persuade his audience. Hell is used as a foundation to prove his point. The characters, Garcin, Inez, and Estelle, are all brought together by some kind of complicated design that they try to unveil. Each character has a story and a reason for their damnation, but what they look for is an answer for their presence with each other. Garcin, a journalist and pacifist that took 12 to the chest, was the first to attempt to mend matters in the room. His idea to be courteous to one another is later contradicted when he begins to fight with Inez. Estelle, a self-absorbed instigator, appears to suffer from denial.
Create wells: put a comb template in the middle of the tray; wait until the mixture becomes solid. After, remove the comb standing straight. 4. Remove rubber ends: transfer the gel tray into the horizontal electrophoresis and fill it with the concentrated electrophoresis buffer. 5. Materials and methods: Experiment: 1st, prepared milk samples should be already done by the teacher.
At this point the desirable crystalline structure of the metal has been reached but it must not be allowed to be heated further as the solution will begin to melt.
molecules its size it would have a boiling point of -75øC and a freezing point of -125øC4.
On further cooling the χT curve shows a sudden increase to 1.23 cm3.K.mol-1 at T=21 K followed by a sharp decrease down to 0.71 cm3.K.mol-1 at 5 K. The χT maximum de...
The career path to become a Chartered Accountant involves lots of dedication, schooling, and ability to take on the intensive programs and examinations. There are several ways to obtain the CA status. The most common process people go through in becoming a CA start off with enrolling in university. After they obtain a university degree (one that includes the Institute's specified 51 credit-hour requirement), they acquire employment in an office designated to train CA students, for an arranged period of 30 months. Many CA firms that have been recognized by the institute, must assist the students in the development of the essential knowledge and professional understanding of five main areas:
The normal title for the job that I chose is a “Chartered Accountant”. The job of a chartered accountant is to provide accounting and business advice to companies and individuals. Chartered accountant may also provide information to clients on tax planning, personal financial planning, corporate finance, and information technology (Job Description). The major skills required for a chartered accountant are communications skills, computer skills, and listening skills. A chartered accountant needs communication skills, as they need to talk with their clients, and need to be able to effectively tell the client the advice they are giving. A chartered accountant needs to have computer skills, as they are constantly making calculations using a computer and using different programs to display financial information properly to their clients. Finally, a chartered accountant needs to have good listening skills, as they must give proper and full attention to what the client is saying, without interrupting unnecessarily in between (Do You Have it in You to Become a Chartered Accountant?). Personal abilities to have that are beneficial are strong interpersonal skills. This is because chartered accountants always have to communicate and be social with their clients. They are constantly put in a position where they have to share their expertise with companies and clients. So strong interpersonal skills are important so that they can effectively communicate information with their clients. Also, knowledge of computer programs for auditing and financing is a good personal aptitude to have.