Butane seemed to be a very stable and almost boring molecule. The atoms were just sharing electrons with no real net charge causing the molecule to be non-polar. The second molecule seems to have much more happening. The dipole on the Oxygen atom makes it seem much more complex. The main difference between these to is the fact that acetone is a liquid and butane is a gas causing acetones density to be substantially higher than butane. Both of these substances would float on top of water. The only main difference between the two molecules’ molecular formula is that acetone has an oxygen atom. Besides the one oxygen atom, they are essentially very similar atoms, but that atom completely changes its properties. That one atom managed to completely …show more content…
Acetone might very slightly slide towards the acidic range but in very small scale. Butane, because its non-polar habits, actually is not considered to even have a pH of anything. Both of these molecules have melting points well into freezing temperatures. They differ some forty degrees Celsius but not until acetone first reaches its melting point at around negative ninety degrees Celsius. Butane does not reach its melting point until around negative one hundred and forty degrees Celsius. Acetone has many uses that most of the world would never even know. One of the most widely unknown uses of acetone is that it is a main component in most nail polish removers. Not only does acetone remove nail polish, because it has also be known to take off other “permanent” substances like permanent marker. Acetone has also been known as a fuel additive as it helps to vaporize the gasoline, leading to better fuel efficiency. Butane also has many uses. Because of its high flammability, it is commonly used in lighter fluids. It is often bottled and used for camping stoves or outdoor grills. Since Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) became known to deplete the ozone layer. The chlorine in CFCs is the main culprit in destroying the layer. Butane does not have a chlorine atom in its composition so has therefore become the better
The goal of this two week lab was to examine the stereochemistry of the oxidation-reduction interconversion of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. The purpose of first week was to explore the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone and see how the reduction of the ketone will affect the stereoselectivity. The purpose of first week is to oxidize the alcohol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, to ketone just so that it can be reduced back into the alcohol to see how OH will react. The purpose of second week was to reduce 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol from first week and determine the effect of the product's diastereoselectivity by performing reduction procedures using sodium borohydride The chemicals for this lab are sodium hypochlorite, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone
In a separate beaker, acetone (0.587 mL, 8 mmol) and benzaldehyde (1.63 mL, 16 mmol) were charged with a stir bar and stirred on a magnetic stirrer. The beaker mixture was slowly added to the Erlenmeyer flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Every 10 minutes, a small amount of the reaction mixture was spotted on a TLC plate, with an eluent mixture of ethyl acetate (2 mL) and hexanes (8 mL), to monitor the decrease in benzaldehyde via a UV light. When the reaction was complete, it was chilled in an ice bath until the product precipitated, which was then vacuum filtrated. The filter cake was washed with ice-cold 95% ethanol (2 x 10 mL) and 4% acetic acid in 95% ethanol (10 mL). The solid was fluffed and vacuum filtrated for about 15 minutes. The 0.688 g (2.9 mmol, 36.8%, 111.3-112.8 °C) product was analyzed via FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and the melting point was obtained via
The experimental Fischer esterification of 8.92g of acetic acid with 5.0g of isopentyl alcohol using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst yielded 4.83g (65.3% yield) of isopentyl acetate. The product being isopentyl acetate was confirmed when the boiling point during distillation had similar characteristics to that of the literature boiling points2. Physical characteristics like color and smell also concluded a match of our product with what was intended. 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis supported this claim due to the fact that the integration values and chemical shifts were comparable to isopentyl acetate. Lastly, infrared spectroscopy (IR) showed similar key characteristics of our product’s wavelengths to that of pure isopentyl acetate5.
MTBE, or methyl tertiary butyl ether, is an oxygenate commonly used in gasoline in America, Europe, and other countries throughout the world. It is a compound created by the chemical reaction of methanol and isobutylene that is added to gasoline because of its high octane level, allowing gasoline to reach the required octane levels and still include a gasoline component. In addition, because it is an oxygenate, MTBE helps gasoline more fully combust, which increases performance and reduces the amount of harmful pollutants such as CO, VOCs, NOx, and particulates released into the atmosphere from automobile exhaust [EFOA]. However, opposition has recently arisen against the use of MTBE in gasoline.
The three butene products have been verified to elute in the following order: 1-butene, trans-2-butene, and cis-2-butene. Theory: The dehydration of 2-butanol, a secondary alcohol, progresses readily in the presence of a strong acid like concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The reaction is completed via the E1 mechanism. Initially, the hydroxyl group is a poor leaving group, but that is remedied by its protonation by the acid catalyst (H2SO4) converting it to a better leaving group, H2O. The loss of this water molecule results in a secondary carbocation intermediate that continues to form an alkene in an E1 elimination.
There are four different types of hydrocarbons each having a different homologous series (formula for carbon chain). These being an alkane (formula = CnH2n+2), alkene (formula = CnH2n), alkyne (formula = CnH2n-2), and an alkanol which has the same formulae as an alkane only that is has a hydroxide molecule which replaces one of the hydrogen atoms (refer to figure 3 and
Reacting 1-butanol produced 2-trans-butene as the major product. 1-butanol produces three different products instead of the predicted one because of carbocation rearrangement. Because of the presence of a strong acid this reaction will undergo E1 Saytzeff, which produces the more substituted
A majority of the population probably uses diesel fuel in automobiles, and central heating systems to heat buildings and houses. However, diesel fuel is dangerous to the environment. There is another option that can be used in place of diesel oil to fuel cars and to heat buildings. “Biodiesel is a legally registered fuel, and fuel additive with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)”, and it is made from “vegetable oils, yellow grease, used cooking oils, and tallow” (“Biodiesel Production and Distribution”). Biodiesel fuel has many advantages over diesel fuel that allows it to be a better fuel than diesel fuel such as improving the environment, decrease the U.S. dependency on foreign petroleum, and reducing the amount of hurtful contaminants.
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
Another group of lipids is soups and detergents these lipids are also known as car...
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
While acetone is used in many different things and is the key component, one of the most well-known substances that Acetone makes up is nail polish remover, and other artistic agents. Acetone in nail polishes helps break down and remove the substance from the nail. It is also commonly used to remove residue off metals, glass, porcelain, and even super glue. Acetone is used often by make-up artists because it is great for them to easily remove skin glues and different adhesives they use
Two constraints regarding the minimum product specifications (i.e., purity of the products) in columns were considered. The mole fraction of the acetone product in the distillate of the column C1 and the mole fraction of the produced chloroform as the distillate of the column C2 should be equal or greater than the desired product purity of 99.5mol%.
These fuels include coal, oil products such as gasoline, and natural gas. Use of these fuels has a number of harmful health and environmental effects. According to the World Health Organization, outdoor air pollution, most of it from burning fossil fuels, especially coal kills at least 800,000 people each year and causes health problems for tens of millions of others. Technology is available to reduce such air pollution, but using it is costly and results in higher fuel
society today. The CFC cans used to be a serious problem to the ozone layer,