3.4 Density Bottle Test
Specific gravity of solids can be defined as the ratio for weight in air of a given volume of soil particles to the weight in air of an equal volume of pure water at a standard temperature. It is often used in relating a weight of soil to its volume. The specific gravity of soil is determined in the laboratory by the density bottle test. The test is of moderate difficulty with the major source of error due to the presence of entrapped air in the soil sample (Bowles, 1997). The density bottle is weighed and filled with the soils whose specific gravity is to be found, and weighed again. The difference in weights is divided by the weight of an equal volume of water to give the specific gravity of the soils. The specific
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Theory
A soil consists of an accumulation of particles which may be of a single mineral type, such as clean quartz sand, or more usually a mixture of a number of mineral types, each with a different particle density. The particle density of the solids comprising a mass of the soil is that of the mineral itself for a single mineral type. However, a soil consisting of a variety of minerals is mainly concerned with the mean particle density of the mass as whole, and this is the sense in which the specific gravity is used here. The concept of density is defined to mass per unit volume. The term "particle density" has replaced "specific gravity" as a measure of the average density of the solid particles which make up a soil mass. Specific gravity can be defined as ratio of the mass of dry particles to the mass of water they displace. The average mass per unit volume of the solid particles in a sample of soil, where the volume includes any sealed voids contained within solid particles. The void spaces between solid particles of soil may contain air or water, or both. The amount of void space within a soil is an important factor that can effect on its characteristics. Based on the equation 3.3, it shows that the determinate equation for specific
The objective of this lab is to find the equilibrium constant of Fe(SCN)2+ through multiple trials using a spectrometer. Since one chemical is colorless and the other is colored a spectrometer can be used to monitor amounts of each in the solution. By completing multiple trials an average can be reached for the value of the equilibrium constant of Fe(SCN)2+.
This objective required us to calculate the densities of both sodas and determine which of the three pieces of glassware used, beaker, graduate cylinder, or buret, was most accurate and which was most precise. The pooled class data revealed that the buret was the most accurate for both Coke and Diet Coke. The actual density of Coke is 1.038 g/mL and the buret had a density of 1.041 g/mL, which is 0.003 g/mL greater than the actual density. This density was the closest to Coke. The density of Coke with a beaker was 0.92 g/mL, which is 0.118 g/mL less than the actual density and the density with the graduated cylinder was 0.998 g/mL, which is 0.04 g/mL less than the actual density. The actual density of Diet Coke was 0.997 g/mL and the buret was closest with a density of 1.006 g/mL, which is 0.008 g/mL greater than the actual density. The beaker gave a density of 0.87, which is 0.128 g/mL less than the actual density, and the graduated cylinder gave a density of 0.945 g/mL, which is 0.053 g/mL less than the actual density.
Mississippi has a variety of different soils .The three general soils are 1) the river flood plain, known as the Delta, 2) a loess region, or bands of soils formed in windblown material that adjoins the Delta, and 3) Coastal Plain. The Mississippi Delta is better for growing row crop, while the loess and Coastal Plain region are better for animal production and forestry. The loess and Coastal Plain regions are divided based on similar soils, geology, climate, water resources, and land use called Major Land Resource Areas. The Mississippi Delta’s soil comes from sediments left by flooding various rivers in the region, rather than being a typical Delta formed by the mouth of a river. In the Delta most of the land is farmed, with three-fourths of the cropland to the north. Controlling surface water and drainage are major soil management issues. In the Delta soils are naturally diverse because of their alluvial origin. Particle sizes within the sediment decrease as distance from the originating stream increase. Another factor in Delta soil formation us surface water movement over time, because soils that formed under standing water have different properties than soils formed under moving water. Soils with large amounts of clay particles have unique features. When the soil is dry, small round aggregates form at the surface that look like shotgun buckshot, which is where the popular name for Delta clay soils “buckshot” came from. Soils with large clay content have very slow water filtration rates; this has led to significant aquaculture and rice production in the region. When floodwaters receded in the Delta, strong winds blew some of the dry sediment left by flooded river to the adjacent uplands to form the loess areas. Because of eas...
This lab was designed so that we, the students, could learn how to determine the molar volume of a gas effectively.
The purpose of this lab was to determine the density of water and an unknown liquid, along with a rectangular solid and an irregular shaped solid. In this lab, the relative density was calculated and then used to make an educated guess on the substance. Density is the relationship between the mass of a substance and the amount of space taken up. This measurement is influenced by the mass of atoms, the size, and how they are arranged. The density of the four objects was determined by using the mass (g) and volume (mL or c3). Mass is the property of matter that measures its resistance to acceleration. In addition, volume is the amount of space that a substance or object occupies. Finally, the mass (g) was divided by the volume (mL or c3) to find the final density (g/mL or c3).
Ordinary fluid flow is different from granular flow so study of every particle’s behavior is necessary. Different physical phenomena, like interaction between particles and
To complete the objective of this density lab, the following equipment were used two 600-mL beakers, 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask, hot plate, ring stand, 250-mL beaker, stirring rod, balance, Büchner funnel, filter paper, stopper, water aspirator, watch glass, fume hood, 10 mL and 50 mL graduated cylinder.
In this experiment, there were several objectives. First, this lab was designed to determine the difference, if any, between the densities of Coke and Diet Coke. It was designed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of several lab equipment measurements. This lab was also designed to be an introduction to the LabQuest Data and the Logger Pro data analysis database. Random, systematic, and gross errors are errors made during experiments that can have significant effects to the results. Random errors do not really have a specific cause, but still causes a few of the measurements to either be a little high or a little low. Systematic errors occur when there are limitations or mistakes on lab equipment or lab procedures. These kinds of errors cause measurements to be either be always high or always low. The last kind of error is gross errors. Gross errors occur when machines or equipment fail completely. However, gross errors usually occur due to a personal mistake. For this experiment, the number of significant figures is very important and depends on the equipment being used. When using the volumetric pipette and burette, the measurements are rounded to the hundredth place while in a graduated cylinder, it is rounded to the tenth place.
As an analyst, accurate measurements are done with the help of volumetric glassware’s, like buret and pipet. Volumetric glassware are containers that have been calibrated at specific temperature to deliver or contain very precise amount of liquid. In order to ensure the accuracy and precision of the glassware’s then a calibration must be done. The assumption of volume for volumetric glassware is dependent on the cleanliness of the surface. Although accuracy is more important in TD (to deliver) glassware there should still be considerations for the messy and unpleasant substances on the surface of the TC (to contain) glassware. Soaking of the glassware for too long with detergent is not also advisable since it will likely develop a rough area
Once you have determined the feel of the soil (plastic, silty, sandy, or smooth) and made a ribbon, compare the length of the ribbon on the soil texture table to find out your soil
Purpose: Learning the concept of density by measuring mass and volume. Finding which substance is the most dense by comparing different substances.
Dispersion of fine soil particles is controlled by a similar mechanism, dispersion is directly influenced by ions adsorbed on particle surfaces, particularly clay minerals. The presence of high sodium, especially at the low salt concentration in the soil water, causes dispersion and movement of fine particles within the pores. The particles may then become lodged in smaller pores, blocking water or air.
Lab Report Making an Object Buoyant by Adding Extra Volume to Displace the Water Necessary
In experiment 5, we are learning about density and specific gravity in measurements. Density is measured by mass divided by volume in order to get the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is the density of a substance divided by the density of water and will cancel out the units in order to get a unitless measurement. Mass and Volume can be measured in two different ways, first mass can be calculated by directly placing it on the triple beam scale directly, or by weighing the difference. Volume can be calculated by displacement in the graduated cylinder or by calculating its dimensions. In this experiment, the objectives were to calculate the density of a solid by measuring its mass and volume,
Hydrometer test is needed as more than 10 % of soil sample passes the 63 µ m sieve (BS 1377-2:1990). It covers the quantitative determination of the particle size distribution in a soil from coarse sand size to clay size. Particles settle under gravity during testing (Head, 1984). The results of hydrometer analysis can be referred to Appendix C1. The calibrations which used in the hydrometer analysis and water viscosity are shown in Appendix C2 and Appendix C3.