19th Century Warmers

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Warmers were popular in Europe during the mid 18th and early 19th centuries. Commonly known as a food warmer or veilleuse, they served as both a nightlight and container to heat food. Warmers typically stood between nine to twelve inches tall, but widths varied based on overall design. Throughout their existence, warmers evolved to accommodate regional differences and changes in use. Depending on the region, warmers included either a covered bowl or separate liner. Around the 19th century, some warmers housed a separate teapot or replaced the food compartment altogether. Given its ability to hold individual portions of food or liquids, warmers were generally used at an infant or invalid’s bedside. As regularly used household items, there …show more content…

Evidence of this can be seen when looking at the pooled glaze on the socle’s inner edges and also the chipped rim of the cover. The yellow tint derives from the ‘chrome yellow’ pigment based on its hue and the way it interacts with other colors used in the over-glaze. Two colors are used for the hand-painted decoration, which adds more depth to the yellow-tinted glazed surface. The combination of slightly translucent paint and a yellow background give the red ochre a warmer tone, while the Prussian blue appears greenish in color (Fig. 3). You can see the red and blue hues more clearly in places where the over-glaze design is more …show more content…

There is a similar pattern used on delftware punch bowl in Winterthur’s collection, created between 1750 and 1770 (Fig. 4). Although the bowl does not incorporate the bubbles into its design, it might suggest the use of a starter design source used in England during the time period. With all its parts assembled, the warmer’s ‘cracked-ice and bubble’ motif differs slightly on the upper and bottom halves. The cover, écuelle, and liner all feature small dots at the center of each bubble. In contrast, the bubbles on the socle show a highlight line drawn on the left side of each bubble. Comparing the over-glaze’s color, there is a greater intensity found in the upper portions whereas the socle’s colors are more muted. This might imply that several workers painted different portions of the warmer’s

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