Billy's Remarkable Voice
Introduction
Billy is an elderly man who has experienced 'remarkable' vocal changes throughout his life. Long-term growth and development occur as a consequence of hormone secration within the endocrine system. As an individual ages hormone secreation alters, changing how the human body is structured and functions. As a young boy Billy was a falsetto singer in a choir until he endured hormonal changes associated with puberty. He developed a broken tenor which was hard to control as well as his mood. During this period had also developed a larger muscle mass after taking up body building. After he participated in a choir, he engaged in rock and roll and country western singing. The current state his voice is crackly and monotonous. This report will attempt to investigate the hormonal mechanisms underlying the growth and development of Billy's body throughout throughout his life, in particular the mechanisms of the endocrine system.
Organs of the Endocrine System
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Figure 1: The diagram above showcases the location of the endocrine organs. The organs of the endocrine system include the hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, parathyroid glands ovaries, testis, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pineal gland and thyroid gland. These endocrine organs are responsible for the regulation of reproduction, growth, metabolic rate and energy, fluid and nutrient balance, cardiac output, blood pressure and reproduction (Porterfield, 2001; Finlayson & Sanders, 2007; Marieb & Hoehn, 2014) .
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Hormones within the endocrine system allow cells to communicate to maintain homoeostasis in the body, a process which continuously aims to create a bal...
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While the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are most reliant on one another, all body systems require a functioning circulatory cycle in order to thrive. Blood circulation and consistent transfer of oxygen to cells is required to maintain cell and tissue life. Disturbances to this process will cause cells and tissues to die (Red Cross 48). This state of balance and functioning body systems is referred to as homeostasis, defined as a “condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to constant interaction of body’s many regulatory processes” (Tortura 8). Changes or disruptions to homeostasis are regulated by the Endocrine and Nervous systems of the body. The endocrine system is made up of glands placed throughout the body
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The balance of the thyroid hormone is complicated and involves the participation of different parts of the body (Kaplustin, 2010).
The human body comprises of organ systems which distinct but work together as a coordinated single unit (Marieb & Hoehn 1-35). This paper will single out the endocrine system because discussing the organ system in entirety is beyond the scope of this assignment. The adrenaline glands form part and parcel of the endocrine system, thus, the relevance of the topic. The endocrine glands comprise glands which secrete hormones which help to modulate on the functions of the cells and/or organs. Hormones are chemical substances which regulate cell activities (Axelrod et al 452-459). They act like messengers in that they relay information from one part of the body to another. The main glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, pineal body, reproductive organs; pituitary and most important to this paper the adrenal glands (Axelrod et al 452-459).
The thyroid gland plays a major role in the endocrine, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and metabolism system. The gland can be found in the front of the neck and above where the collar bones meet. The thyroid gland controls the body by releasing T4 and T3 hormones. Controlling metabolism plays an important role when regulating mood, weight,
Endocrinology can be defined as the study of the structure and function of the endocrine system (Tortora & Grabowski 1996). The endocrine system is composed cells, known as endocrine cells, which are distributed around the body and produce the chemical messengers known as hormones. Following secretion by endocrine cells, hormones travel in the blood where they affect tissues outside of their tissue of origin - and are therefore a form of cellular communication. In multicellular organisms, such as humans, cellular communication is essential for a number of body processes and the maintenance of homeostasis (Campbell, N.A. et al. 2015). In this essay, I am going to outline some of a number of body
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The anterior pituitary is an endocrine gland controlled by the hypothalamus in several different fashions. Releasing and release-inhibiting hormones are synthesized in the paraventricular, periventricular, and the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. They control anterior pituitary hormone secretion. Paravocellular neurons in these nuclei send their axons into the tuberoinfundibular tract and terminate on a capillary bed of the superior hypophyseal arteries located around the base of the median eminence. A given paravocellular neuron may release one or more releasing factor into the capillaries that coalesce in six to ten small straight veins that form the hypophyseal-portal blood circulation which descends along the infundibular stalk and forms a second capillary plexus around the anterior pituitary. The releasing-hormones gain access to the five distinct types of target cells in the anterior pituitary back into the capillary bed that then drains into the systemic circulation and transports the hormones to peripheral target tissues. The target tissues are stimulated to produce final mediator-hormones that induce the physiologic...
Endocrine glands located in different parts of the body all release unique hormones, some of these hormones can affect behavior in different ways. The thyroid gland, located beneath the voice box releases the hormone known as thyroxin. Thyroxin is the hormone responsible for regulating the level of metabolism in a human body. Therefore, thyroxin can be related to the amount of energy one has, their sleeping habits, ability to focus and concentrate, and even their individual temperament. The pituitary gland, located on the bottom side of the brain, produces a variety of hormones, some of which affect human behavior. These hormones can have an affect on sexual conduct and desire (Morris & Maisto, 2005).
The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system, and it is controlled by the pituitary which is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system. The pituitary controls the thyroid by producing Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) which stimulates the production of thyroid hormones. . The thyroid gland secretes two main hormones: Thyroxine (T4) and Tri-Iodothyronine (T3). These hormones increase metabolic rate, heat production, oxygen consumption, appetite, growth hormone secretion, alertness and quicker reflexes. The thyroid gland is located in the anterior portion of the neck, beneath the Adam’s apple. It is divided in two lobes on either side of the windpipe: right lobe and left lobe. These lobes create what looks like a butterfly shape. The gland is essential to the contribution of maintaining the homeostasis of the body. It plays a role in monitoring the body’s expenditure of energy and running the body’s metabolism.
...ll human organs and the systems that they belong to. "This would be the most revolutionary type of alternative, especially for human related experiments"().
Men and Women come from the same species “homo sapiens”, which means they are more similar than different. Physically, men and women look differently and have different chromosomes that define them. Males have the XY chromosomes, and the females have the XX chromosomes, which cause the major physical and physiological differences. “Bodily tissues do not always take the exact same shape” (Fuentes p.163). Even though cells are the same in all human beings they evolved into different organs like breasts in the females, ovaries… and testis in the male, penis… Males and females behavioral differences are not explained by the differences in their reproductive organs. However, some males tend to be stronger and taller than some females. Another difference between males and females is the amount of each hormone found in both the male and the female. Since both male and female developed in the same way, i...
...culatory system. Pituitary gland is a growth hormone that helps in mertabolism and develops reproductive organs. The thyroid controls metabolsim on the rate that the body breaks down food. Adrenal gland secretes many hormones including adrenaline which prepares the body to react in a stressful situation. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. Ovaries produce ova and estrogen. Testes produce sperm cells and testosterone. To stay healthy you should get a regular medical check-up, eat a well-balanced diet, sleep at least 8 hours, and decrease stress in your life. Some problems are growth disorders, diabetes, and obesity. Puberty begins at different times for girls then boys. Girls start around ages 9-13 and boys are ages 10-15.