Dinosaurs are not extinct As time goes on, more and more fossil record of dinosaurs are richly known; more and more relative research project work on. An encouraging imagination that species of dinosaurs are not extinct and they evolve to birds was emerged. Dinosaurs are still here. They are still all around in the Human Age. It sounds crazy. Nevertheless, it seems clues are everywhere. There is a kind of dinosaurs, call Sauroposeidon, could raise its massive head over eighteen meters into the air, but this was only possible because their neck bones were so light, almost 85% hollow (name). Like Sauroposeidon, other kinds of dinosaurs’ bones were honeycombed with empty spaces. In fact, everybody already knows that birds have hollow bones as well, and a lot of people believe that’s an adaptation for flight. Scientists learned that birds inherited their hollow light bones from their extinct ancestors, gigantic dinosaurs. And there is another clue. (name)The lungs of dinosaurs are designed like normal birds, which can be seen all around world every day. Focusing on the respiratory syst...
Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs are closely related in their characteristics. Ceratopsians processed a saddle-shaped boney frill that extended from the skull to the neck and typically had horns over the nose and eyes. The most popular was the triceratops, which could reach over 26 feet and weigh in excess of twelve metric tons. Their frills served as two major functions. It protected the vulnerable neck from being harmed. The second major function that the frill provided was due to the fact that the frill contained a network of blood vessels on its underside, which were used as a means to get rid of excess heat. The Pachycephalosaurs were considered to be bipedal. They were also found to have thick skulls, flattened bodies, and tail that were covered in an array of body rods. Pachycephalosaurs were thought to have been more than fifteen feet long and processed a skull that was surrounded by a rounded dome of solid bone. It was thought that they used their heads in combat or mating contests, but that was disproved fairly recently, which I will discuss later in the paper. Both Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs were “bird-hipped” and both of these suborders contained a backwards pubic bone. Both were Marginocephilia, or “fringed heads”, which is one of three clads under the Orinthiscia order. They were also herbivore dinosaurs that inherited their fringe at the back of the skull from earlier ancestors.(2) Their classi...
Paul, Gregory S. (2002). "Looking for the True Bird Ancestor". Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 171–224. ISBN 0-8018-6763-0.
The Permian-Triassic Extinction is a mass extinction that occurred between the Permian and Triassic geologic time periods approximately 250 million years ago; it is the deadliest of all extinctions that have occurred on Earth. In addition, during the Permian-Triassic extinction the continents of today existed as one supercontinent known as Pangaea. This was the first time in history where continental or land mass exceeded that of the ocean. This was also before dinosaurs of the Triassic period roamed Earth, during this time animals such as the therapsids, and Synapsids such as the Pelycosaurs, insects and amphibians also occupied Earth. Fauna that existed during the Permian period includes Gymnosperms, or seed producing plants such as the Conifers. Other animals that existed during this time include marine life such as brachiopods (clams), bryozoans (coral-like skeletons), bony fish and sharks, as well as crinoids (sea urchin like creatures). According to National Geographic, about 90 percent of all the animals and fauna of this period perished, the marine life was hit the hardest wi...
weather, and the theory says it simply can't be predicted beyond the space of a
This idea was reinforced when a Diplodocus (a type of sauropod that lived in the late Jurassic) skull was found in 1884 that contained a large hole in the top of the head. Scientists believed that this hole contained the entire nostril (Witmer 2001; ). This positioning of the nostrils was used for many other models of dinosaurs as well, but when it was discovered that...
The cursorial hypothesis postulate that Archaeopteryx were likely fast ground runners and generated thrust for lift off by flapping their wings. The hypothesis is supported by calculations from an aerodynamic model, suggesting that Archaeopteryx could run at 6 metres per second before takeoff (Burgers & Chiappe, 1999). Their bone structure also support that they were fast bipedal ground runners, as Archaeopteryx had a larger hind limb to body proportion and slender limb joints that allowed them to bend their knees with ease (Lucas, 2007). Their fast, bipedal running speed, agility, and ability for flight suggest that Archaeornithes were endothermic, as these energetically demanding tasks would not be possible without the high basal metabolic activity of an endotherm.
A group of scientists from North Carolina and Oregon used medical technology to search an iron-stained concretion inside the specimen’s chest. With the assistance of imaging equipment and software, they were able to reconstruct 3-dimensional structures through the interior of the concretion. The images reveal a heart that was more like that of a bird or a mammal than those of reptiles, significantly adding to evidence suggesting that at least some dinosaurs had high metabolic rates. In addition, the heart appears to have been four chambered with a single aorta, which is most commonly found in mammals or birds.
There is a strong amount of evidence in science to suggest that birds evolved from small theropod dinosaurs. To start on a common ground, natural selection must be understood. This is the process by which genetic mutations that enhances reproduction become and repeat more often in later generations (adapting them), eventually leading to evolutionary change. Since animals produce too many offspring, competition in the environment levels things out, creating a change in generations through favoring of traits. For this case, there were tons of dinosaurs of all different shapes, sizes, and colors living on the earth. In particular, there was one group that stood out among the rest, evolving throughout time, and surviving to the present. Theropod (meaning “beast-footed”) dinosaurs are a diverse group of bipedal (two-footed) dinosaurs with grasping hands and clawed digits. By looking at things like bone structures over time, fossil records, ________, embryology and ethology evidence, it is easy to see why it is commonly known that birds are the closest common ancestors of dinosaurs....
The Troodon formosus had the appearance of a cross between a bird and a raptor. “Troodon is Greek for “wounding tooth,” a reference to the single incisor by which it was originally known” (Troodon- The Only Dinosaur That Could Pronounce Its Own Name). Scientists believe that the dinosaur was feathered and was relatively small, only about six feet in length and three feet tall ranging from around 100-130 pounds. Researchers also believe that the Troodon formosus was nocturnal and had some depth perception due to its large, front facing eyes (Troodon). The Troodon formosus also had bendable arms that resembled a modern-day birds’ wings. Troodon formosus had a U-shaped jaw with serrated teeth, and sharp claws on a couple of their toes (Troodon Formosus Dinosaur).
“Scientific evidence is consistent with the belief that the physical universe was designed by God.” Several of those evidences can be proven throughout the Bible. As intelligent beings who are born, live life span, then die, we must have come into existence through either a natural, or supernatural process would indicate an all- powering and all- knowing Deity. This Deity would have left some record of his existence. An orderly universe was made by an orderly Creator (Sarfati, Refuting Evolution I 25).
The reason as to why dinosaurs became extinct has been a question asked for many years now. It has formed many controversies and theories as expected, some supported by very important researchers and some others not that accepted by society, but today I’m going to talk about the most credible and supported theories. The first theory is the meteor theory, the most believable and more realistic theory by many, the second one talks about volcanic eruptions, and the third one is more of a combination of many other theories, and how event after event completely annihilated majority of the species. Well first of all, before talking about the many possibilities as to why the dinosaurs might have become extinct let’s talk about how they used
Scientists are still unbeknownst as to why exactly these dinosaurs - strong, unstoppable, and ginormous - met their end (SC10). Dinosaurs ruled the Earth during the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods (Bauer). This makes it difficult to fully understand how the dinosaurs did not survive extinction, but many scientists gravitate towards two hypotheses that disclose the annihilation of the dinosaurs. The first theory that paleontologists favor discussing is the theory that a celestial body crashed into the Earth and caused a worldwide climate change. Earth contains a sheet of rock that not only belongs to a period previous to the dinosaur extinction but also contains the mineral iridium.
of species due to a variety of causes. Included is out competition, depletion of resources
Museums over the past century have only contained large dinosaur bones. Where are the little dinosaur bones? Jack Horner, the famous American paleontologist, uses his research to describe how scientists have made plentiful mistakes when it comes to naming dinosaurs. He has found the first evidence of parental care to a dinosaur's young and studies the behavior, physiology, ecology, and evolution of dinosaurs. His work has led him to discover his own dinosaur, which he named the Maiasaura, and he is exploring how to build a dinosaur.
Just as most dinosaurs are believed to be wild and mean, most are. Unlike the wild and ferocious Tyrannosaurus Rex, the Velociraptor, is a smaller, agile dinosaur. The Brontosaurus can be found with the bigger, more gentle dinosaurs. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, Velociraptor, and Brontosaurus differ greatly in their body structure, diet, and discovery.