The misshapen, the ominous, and the gruesome; these are all words from the fascinating movement of Dark Romanticism which took place from 1828-1865. This movement embraced all of these irrational elements and shaped them into the most popular sub-genre of American literature. Life to the Dark Romantics was colorful, impulsive, and paradoxical. Unlike the Romantics, the Dark Romantics set their stories based on the wickedness of man and the repulsion of evil. The dark romantics believed that humans were equally capable of good or evil. While the Romantic’s tried to ignore the wickedness and immorality actions of man, the dark Romantics decided to remind people of the evil doings of man. Like the Romantics and Transcendentalists; however, the Dark Romantics valued instinct and feelings over judgment and rationale and saw symbols and signs in nature and everyday events. They also paid attention to the mysteries of life that were impossible to explain by reasoning. Although they did focus on the morbid and the dreadful, they were not cynical. Edgar Allen Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne were both associated with this movement and were both key figures in it.
The definition of Dark Romanticism varies. It is used by different people in diverse situations. Some may describe it as a Gothic novel from the eighteenth -century while others remember the word being used to describe pop music from the 60’s and 70’s. Consulting a dictionary to find the actual meaning of the word, it was a surprise to not find the term “Dark Romanticism”. However the terms “dark” and “romantic” were there. The definitions gave an understanding that the term Dark Romanticism is in fact, a contradiction. The dictionary stated that dark romantic may be sentiment...
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... They look ahead but at the same time distrust changes brought by the future. They have strong use of imagery and symbolism is the most striking element in their works.
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During the American Renaissance, writers were put into one of two categories. The categories were the Dark Romantics and the Transcendentalists. Some Dark Romantics include Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Washington Irving. The Dark Romantics stories included creepy symbols, horrific themes, and psychological effects of guilt and sin. The Devil and Tom Walker by Washington Irving gives a few examples as to why life is meaningless to some people.Humans are not all good, there are some cruel people in this world. The Pit and the Pendulum tells you exactly why.
Most contemporary authors lack the creativity, or simply the desire to construct a story that focuses on the evil and sinful ways of humans. But during the Dark Romantics period, several writers openly embraced this new style of writing. Edgar Allan Poe was one such writer. His view on man’s inherent evilness is evident in his stories, “The Fall of the House of Usher” and “The Masque of the Red Death.” Although the characters in each of the stories are in different settings, their prevalent trait represents the hedonistic, obsessive, and deranged beings humans are.
Romantic literature, as Kathy Prendergast further claims, highlighted things like splendor, greatness, vividness, expressiveness, intense feelings of passion, and stunning beauty. The Romantic literary genre favored “parts” over “whole” and “content” over “form”. The writer argues that though both the Romantic literary genre and the Gothic art mode were medieval in nature, they came to clash with what was called classical conventions. That’s why, preoccupations with such things as the supernatural, the awful, the dreadful, the repulsive and the grotesque were the exclusive focus of the nineteenth century Gothic novel. While some critics perceived the Gothic as a sub-genre of Romanticism, some others saw it as a genre in its own right (Prendergast).
Romanticism was a movement in art and literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in revolt against the Neoclassicism of the previous centuries. The romanticism movement in literature consists of a few of the following characteristics: intuition over fact, imagination over fact, and the stretch and alteration of the truth. The death of a protagonist may be prolonged and/or exaggerated, but the main point was to signify the struggle of the individual trying to break free, which was shown in “The Fall of the House Usher” (Prentice Hall Literature 322).
Dark romanticism is a sub-genre of gothic literature. It is a genre of writing that focuses on exciting fear, focuses on human fallibility, and portrays nature as a force greater than any man could imagine. One of the most famous writers of dark romanticism is Nathaniel Hawthorne. However, Nathaniel Hawthorne 's writings are much more than simple stories from the dark romantic period. Hawthorne 's short stories "The Birthmark", and "Rappachini 's Daughter" are stories that depict man’s arrogance, their pursuit of perfection through science, and how in the end nature triumphs over man. Both "the Birthmark" and "Rappachinnis Daughter" share a similar storyline and similar characters. In "the Birthmark"
Romanticism played a large role in the creation of gothic literature, and it was considered to be “a lunatic fringe version of romanticism” (Tiffin). Gothic novels often had a powerful unleashing of emotions to very extreme levels “beyond social constraining” (Tiffin). The genre’s character often had an excess of a specific type (Tiffin), and in an analysis of Frankenstein and Northanger Abbey, this excess can be seen in Frankenstein’s ambition and Catherine’s curiosity.
The Romanticism period started in 1789 and lasted till 1830. This time period was a major international movement, shaping modern views of art, literature, music, and other aspects in life. Romanticism was the “reaction against artistic styles of classical antiquity, which was neoclassicism.” Neoclassicists focused on the power of reasoning to discover the truth while Romantics focused on the hope to transform the world through the power of imagination. They had a deep love for nature (Furst 302). The aspects of romanticism are important; they are the beliefs of this period. The first aspect includes nature, which allows them to be free from the artificial aspects of civilization; they were with man’s true setting. Nature was there to reveal and heal individuals. An example of the love for nature in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poetry ‘Frost at Midnight’ is he is describing how happy he is that his baby will be able to see nature instead of living in the city like he did, “But thou, my babe! shalt wander like ...
Writers during the ‘Dark Romantics’ period took a close, in-depth look at the flaw in human nature. Authors such as Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville, use feelings, imagination, and nature to show a different vision of the individual than that of the Transcendentalists. The work produced by the ‘Dark Romantics’ suggests that human beings are not divine. Poe’s ‘The Tell-Tale Heart,’ Hawthorne’s ‘The Birthmark,’ and Melville’s ‘Benito Cereno’ all support this idea by showing the dark side of humanity through their characters’ evil doings.
The Dark Romantics or Gothic Fiction was part of the Romanticism Movement that emphasized the use of primitive, medieval, wild and mysterious elements including supernatural events and horrifying situations. The Dark Romantics took place in the eighteen hundreds and started as a reaction to the Transcendentalists, but did not entirely embrace the ideas of Transcendentalism. The Dark Romantic works were less optimistic than the transcendental works that believed that knowledge could be arrived at not just through the senses, but also through intuition and contemplation of the internal spirit. The Romantics took on a shadowy approach to the fantastical with the use of creepy symbols, horrific themes, and psychological effects of guilt and sin.
French poet Charles Baudelaire once said, “To say the word Romanticism is to say modern art- that is, intimacy, spirituality, color, aspiration towards the infinite, expressed by every means available to the arts.” Being an influential romantic writer himself, Baudelaire had a strong sense and understanding of the true meaning of Romanticism. Romanticism was a literary period that valued intuition, emotion, and imagination over logic. The Romantic period was clearly defined by its divergence from the concepts and styles of the literary period that preceded it, which was more scientific and realistic in nature. Romantic writings, such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, include specific traits, such as imagery, description, and supernatural
The term romantic first appeared at sometime during the latter half of the 18th Century, meaning in quite literal English, "romance-like", usually referring to the character of mythical medieval romances. The first significant jump was in literature, where writing became far more reliant on imagination and the freedom of thought and expression, in around 1750. Subsequent movements then began to follow in Music and Art, where the same kind of imagination and expression began to appear. In this essay I shall be discussing the effect that this movement had on music, the way it developed, and the impact that it had on the future development of western music.
These points classify Hawthorne as a dark romantic because he had a sad childhood and a stressful adulthood, and his obsession with common people. The years after college his silent and productive years were when Hawthorne became a transcendentalist and he started to write in the style of a dark romantic. His themes of sin, guilt, personal choices, and how individuals deal with the consequences on their decisions played many vital roles in his story helping classify him as a dark romantic.
Edgar Allan Poe has a unique writing style that uses several different elements of literary structure. He uses intrigue vocabulary, repetition, and imagery to better capture the reader’s attention and place them in the story. Edgar Allan Poe’s style is dark, and his is mysterious style of writing appeals to emotion and drama. What might be Poe’s greatest fictitious stories are gothic tend to have the same recurring theme of either death, lost love, or both. His choice of word draws the reader in to engage them to understand the author’s message more clearly. Authors who have a vague short lexicon tend to not engage the reader as much.
Roughly from 1815 to 1910, this period of time is called the romantic period. At this period, all arts are transforming from classic arts by having greater emphasis on the qualities of remoteness and strangeness in essence. The influence of romanticism in music particularly, has shown that romantic composers value the freedom of expression, movement, passion, and endless pursuit of the unattainable fantasy and imagination. The composers of the romantic period are in search of new subject matters, more emotional and are more expressive of their feelings as they are not bounded by structural rules in classical music where order, equilibrium, control and perfection are deemed important (Dorak, 2000).
Of all the emotions celebrated by the Romantics the most popular was love. However, Romanticism should not be confused with romantic love in a sense of candle lit dinners and receiving love notes, flowers and boxes of candy. Instead, it was about a love for nature and beauty, and a sense of all human beings having a connection, empathy was heightened for others in which brought on feeling the pains of other people in the world. To the Romantics love, in which invokes compassion, was a natural God-given right. Back in the Age of Enlightenment people felt marriage depended more on the basis of survival, they would tolerate unhappiness for the sake of living; however, for the romantics love was the necessary foundati...