Blackberry breeders have implement morphological marker-assisted selection for thornlessness using Rubus L, which trigger development of molecular marker for blackberry cultivation. However, no genetic map and molecular marker exist for cultivation purpose. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop genetic map, molecular markers, or first blackberry expressed sequence tag (EST) library. The newly release of two blackberry (Rubus L) cultivars with new trait, primocane fruiting has the potential to expand the industry by combining primocane fruiting with useful trait such as thornlessness.
To compensate lacking of molecular linkage map and molecular marker, simple sequence repeat (SSR) has been generated from strawberry EST sequences from Genbank. Strawberry is a related species with blackberry by possessing the same sub-family, Rosoideae. The primer pair (SSR) has detected 68% and 43% polymorphisms for sequences with six or more and less than six repeats respectively. Thus, it was expected that useful SSR can be generated from blackberry and sufficient EST for construction of genetic map.
Blackberry cultivars that produce fruit in summer is called floricanes, canes that go dormant and come back in second spring. Meanwhile, primocanes fruiting cultivars produce fruit together with floricanes and subsequently produce a smaller second batch in late summer and early fall. This can prolonged period of harvesting for farmer, marketer, and consumers.
Methodology
Development of EST was started by choosing blackberry cultivars (Merton Thornless). Reason of choosing is because it is the progenitor. Firstly, the leaves of blackberry is been harvested at farm field. The leaves were wrapped in aluminium foil and th...
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...ted genes were ordered by relative abundance, as determined by the number of ESTs in the contigs, and was grouped by their putative functional catagories. Of the 288 EST analysed, the largest number are associated with energy has a sequence similar with Ribulose 1,5-biophosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO) The second greatest abundance was cell structure that associated with chlorophyll a/b binding protein followed by third largest categories which is disease and defense that associated with stress response. With this, unknown gene function can be discover.
Works Cited
Lewers, K. S., Saski, C. A., Cuthbertson, B. J., Henry, D. C., Staton, M. E., … Tomkins, J. P. (2008). A blackberry (Rubus L.) expressed sequence tag library for the development of simple sequence repeat markers. BMC Plant Biology, 8(69). Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/8/69.
We used Brassica rapa, a fast plant the rapidly reproduces, in an experiment that we performed a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross. We hypothesized that in the monohybrid cross, the F2 generation of Brassica rapa will follow Mendelian inheritance patterns and show a phenotypic ratio of 3 anthocyanin positive to 1 anthocyanin negative. If the F2 generation follows Mendelian inheritance patterns, then out of 1105 plants, 828.75 will be anthocyanin positive and 276.25 will be anthocyanin negative. For the dihybrid cross we hypothesized that the F2 generation of Brassica rapa will follow Mendelian inheritance patterns and show a phenotypic ratio of 9 Anthocyanin positive dark green to 3 anthocyanin positive yellowish green to 3 anthocyanin
Modern biotechnology was born at the hands of American scientists Herb Boyer and Stain Cohen, when they developed “recombinant deoxyribonucleotide, (rDNA), [1] for medicinal purposes. Subsequently, biotechnologists started genetically engineering agricultural plants using this technology. A single gene responsible for a certain trait, from one organism (usually a bacterium) is selected altered and then ‘spliced” into the DNA of a plant to create an agricultural crop consisting of that...
Using PCR and Gel Electrophoresis to Determine Genotype. In certain situations, it is necessary to identify DNA retrieved from a sample. When there is a small sample in need of identification, Polymerase Chain Reactions are used to multiply the DNA. in the sample in many identical samples.
Throughout life there will always be obstacles to overcome. Whether it be personal, work related, or just trying to figure life out. There is not one person who is immune to these things. Unfortunately, there is not one person who is immune to discrimination either, which is why we, as human beings, must make a greater attempt to recognize the differences every individual has to offer, and embrace whatever it is to it’s full potential. Many feel the pressures that womanhood presents, for instance. Not to say there isn’t burdens that are exhibited with manhood, but there still remains some hefty barriers on the road to 21st century equality. It is a fact that men are met with greater confidence in the workplace, while women remain severely underrepresented
Citrus fruit are not just used for fresh fruit and juice. It has many other uses. One is in jellies and in other preserves. Preserves include marmalades and crystallized fruits. A by-product of citrus production is ...
In the poem, Blackberry-Picking by Seamus Heany, the author takes the reader back to the 1940’s in Northern Ireland where he experienced his childhood. The poem seems deceivingly simple about picking blackberries during the summertime. However, the poem demonstrates a deeper meaning. The author relates his childhood memories to the harsh reality of life. In the poem Blackberry-Picking by Seamus Heany, the author uses extended metaphor, contrast, similes, and a shift in point of view in order to examine that as one grows and learns, innocence is lost.
India is the country that has large species of the tropical fruit trees. Most of the cultivation is not for the commercial purposes. They provide a source of livelihood and also have cultural and social value. These underutilized fruits have been able to sustain due to their nutritional support and also rural medicinal aspects. Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is also one type of the tropical fruit. It is an underutilized fruit. It has been able to sustain due to its medicinal properties, tasty and seasonal fruit. Jamun has huge potential prospects covering the areas of processed products.
Anthocyanin is a purple colored pigment in plants that protect tissue from stressful light conditions (Glover and Martin 2012). This experiment utilized monohybrid crosses of the Wisconsin Fast Plant variety of B. rapa with the F_1 generation having one dominant allele for anthocyanin (ANL) and one recessive allele (anl) (Kinds Plants 2014), to complete their life cycle and produce offspring that were observed for their phenotype. By utilizing the genotype of each parent a prediction for the outcome of these genetic crosses was formulated with a Punnett square (Brooker et al. 2014). Since two alleles need to be existent for a recessive trait to be conveyed, and only one allele for a dominant trait (Morgan and Carter 2008), the offspri...
Janick. J. (2011). Center for New Crops & Plant Products - Department of Horticulture and
This set back made scientist approach this differently, they took a Tardigrade that was in its tun form and managed to figure out which genes are most active while they are in that state and followed by looking into what those genes actually do. Doing so scientist were able to discover that certain genes were expressing a type of protein that is unique to tardigrades. Which scientist later labeled as TDPs (Tardigrades-Specific Disordered Proteins). They also found out that in some species of tardigrades the genes that produced TDPs were highly active all the time while in other tardigrades the genes were only active under certain
Once the reader can passes up the surface meaning of the poem Blackberry-Picking, by Seamus Heaney, past the emotional switch from sheer joy to utter disappointment, past the childhood memories, the underlying meaning can be quite disturbing. Hidden deep within the happy-go-lucky rifts of childhood is a disturbing tale of greed and murder. Seamus Heaney, through clever diction, ghastly imagery, misguided metaphors and abruptly changing forms, ingeniously tells the tale that is understood and rarely spoken aloud.
...ince, there is a need to use for advanced novel methods of culturing plant to furnish new means for quickly propagating,conserving of endangered species and also introducing exotic plants. The production of high quality planting material of exotic nature propagated from vegetative parts through tissue culture has created new opportunities in global trading. The exotic plants are advantageous for farmers;growers; nursery owners & rural employment. As exotic plants are restricted to their natural environment; the main benefit of tissue culture technology lies on production of high quality & uniform planting material that can be multiplied on a year round basis. The plant selected for such purpose is Stevia rabuadiana Bertoni. Objectives of study:
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Keener, K., Hoban, T. and Balasubramanian, R. 2014. Biotechnology and its applications. [online] Available at: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/foodsci/ext/pubs/bioapp.html [Accessed: 11 Apr 2014].
...unique characteristics, and species as well as selecting and making comparative maps. Genetic markers are techniques used in psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins Epidemiology-Genetic Program to locate risk genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. The National Library of Medicine has completed gene mapping with tomatoes by showing 12 pairs of chromosomes and assigning different colors to show the linking.