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Varieties of behavior modification
Behavior modification sample project
Varieties of behavior modification
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Behavior modification is happening more frequently than not in today’s society. It enforces and recognizes good behavior in many different circumstances, whether it is used on prison inmates which good behavior is rewarded with incentives, giving your animal a treat for doing a trick or if it is a golden star for a child’s good work done. The famous works of B.F Skinner is heavily involved with behavior modification and the idea that you can condition a human being to have favorable behavioral traits. The carrot and the stick analogy used regarding reward and punishment. Modifying behavior can be a beneficial tool to changing how one acts and thinks, but there will always be an opposing view point that raises controversy if it is ok to ‘train’ someone to behave a certain way or not. Behavioral modification is a part of everyday lives whether we know it or not. The way people will act in a given circumstance will vary. An example would consist of a child and an parent at the grocery store, the child is acting in an inappropriate manner. The parent may offer some kind of incentive for the child to change their behavior for the time being and they will learn that good behavior pays off. There is also the prison example on how incentives work with inmates, perhaps an inmate who is behaving well and not stirring up commotion; they may receive some kind of reward as in having television privileges or have the opportunity to have a prison job or more free time.
Burrhus Frederic Skinner graduated from Hamilton College and Harvard University and received a National Medal of Science for Biological Studies. He is an American Psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, social philosopher and he was one of the many men who focused on psyc...
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... concepts that he came to know are still used in modern psychology.
I will use this resource because it has a lot of raw material that is valid in psychology today and a lot of the concepts are used and still being experimented with to show validity. It is full of useful information that involves manipulating behavior.
Wade, C., & Tavris, C. (2011) Psychology. Upper Saddle, NJ: Prentice Hall.
This is a college level text book that has an excellent excerpt of what behavioral conditioning really entails. It also touches base on behavior in social and cultural context and as well as the conditioning aspect of the mind in a psychological manner.
I have had psychology class where I have used this text book and I believe it is very beneficial and a reliable resource to strengthen my argument that conditioning or modifying behavior is not a bad thing what so ever.
Behavior modification, or behavioral therapy, trains individuals to replace undesirable behaviors with healthier behavioral patterns.
It was effective because it started by stating the behavioral issue and why it needs to be modified. Then this program formed various reasons as to why individuals portray certain behaviors. Next, the target behavior and the assessment of behavior was examined, measured and observed. During this time, a frequency tracking of the behavior was done and results were recorded. After obtaining the results, realistic goals were set with positive and negative reinforcement. Altogether, these steps resulted in a change in behavior which was evident by our test sample, Sarah. The behavioral modification needs to be exposed to the world on a broader scale to create more effective behavioral changes with guidance because there are many individuals who would like to change their behaviors but do not know the first step to take in doing
Also, behavior therapy was used to treat a bread variety of psychological disorders with a diverse population of clients. Wilson (2011), stated multiple disorders, such as anxiety disorders, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, eating and weight disorders, sexual problems, pain management, and hypertension to have been related to a successful treatment while using this approach. Additionally, the procedures for behavior therapy are used in the fields of developmental disabilities, mental illness, education and special education, community psychology, health-related behaviors, medicine, and gerontology, which was stated by (Miltenberger, 2012; Wilson 2011) cited by Corey
The field of psychology is a discipline, originated from many branches of science. It has applications from within a complete scope of avenues, from psychotherapy to professional decision-making. The flexibility and versatility of this field reflects its importance and demands in-depth analysis. Psychology was a division of philosophy until it developed independent scientific disciplines. The history of psychology was a scholarly study of the mind and behavior that dates back to the beginning of civilization. There are important details from previous theory psychologist, research have contributed to behaviorism approaches and have contributed towards specific current behavioral practices. Contemporary behavior therapy began to emerge into distinct practical and core learning theories concerning the needs and knowledge engaging cultural and professional differences.
B.F. Skinner was born on March 20, 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, a small town where he spent his childhood. He was the first-born son of a lawyer father and homemaker mother who raised him and his younger brother. As a young boy, Skinner enjoyed building and used his imaginative mind to invent many different devices. He spent his college years at Hamilton College in New York to pursue a Bachelor’s degree in writing. Following his graduation in 1926, Skinner explored writings of Pavlov, Russell, and Watson, three influential men in the field of behavioral psychology. After two years as a failed writer, Skinner applied to Harvard University to earn his Ph.D. in psychology.
Martin, G., & Pear, J. (1999). Behavior Modification: What it is and How to do it. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Psychology covers a huge field and one interesting aspect of it is personality. Personality by itself involves various issues. Some aspects are Psychoanalytic, Ego, Biological, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Trait, and Humanistic. Different types of behaviors are amazing to learn about, mainly the behavior therapy, collective behavior, crime and punishment, and Social behavior and peer acceptance in children. I chose Behaviorism over the other aspects because I believe behavior determines human personality and is very interesting. You can tell what one is by his behavior, and one behaves according to what place he has in society. By doing this paper on Behavior, I hope to get a better understanding of, if behavior develops a personality or if personality guides behavior. I also see behaviorism helping me in the future with my personal and professional career by understanding human personality and behavior better than I do. No matter what your major is, if you can determine one's personality by his behavior you can really get your work done from that person and understand the better than you would otherwise. This person could be your employee or your employer. Behavior Therapy Behavior therapy is the application of experimentally derived principles of learning to the treatment of psychological disorders. The concept derives primarily from work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Behavior-therapy techniques differ from psychiatric methods, particularly psychoanalysis, in that they are predominately symptom (behavior) oriented and shows little or no concern for unconscious processes, achieving new insight, or effecting fundamental personality change. The U.S. psychologist B.F. Skinner, who worked with mental patients in a Massachusetts State hospital, popularized behavior therapy. From his work in animal learning, Skinner found that the establishment and extinction of responses can be determined by the way reinforces, or rewards, are given. The pattern of reward giving, both in time and frequency, is known as a schedule of reinforcement. The gradual change in behavior in approximation of the desired result is known as shaping. More recent developments in behavior therapy emphasize the adaptive nature of cognitive processes. Behavior-therapy techniques have been applied with some success to such disturbances as enuresis (bed-wetting), tics, phobias, stutteri...
Therapists will use this therapy to reinforce good behaviors and extinguish bad ones. This therapy also helps patients cope with difficult situations by inducing a non-fearful state. There were several psychologists who worked with behavioral therapy: Skinner, Watson, Pavlov, etc. The idea behind Behavioral therapy is that a person can have life problems without psychoanalysis in ways that the environment reinforces a particular behavior. There are several different approaches to behavioral therapy all with different techniques. These different techniques include: biological conditioning, operant conditioning, schedules of reinforcements, and behavioral interventions. Biological conditioning (Pavlov) has the unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR). Pavlov’s dog is a good example of biological conditioning. Operant conditioning is when humans and animals start responding and the use of reinforcements can shape behavior. Schedules of reinforcement are how often the reinforcement is given. There is fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, and variable ratio. Behavioral Interventions include: positive reinforcements, negative
Water makes up 75% of human body. It is the most important ingredient in our bodies. Today many people ignore drinking water and concentrate more into the carbonated drinks. One of the main reasons I would think people drink more carbonated drinks (such as sodas and sport drinks) is because of the way a company hype up their products and use their marketing strategies to influence people into buying them. Many benefits come out of drinking water. First, it quenches one’s thirst much better than any carbonated drinks. Second, it keeps one’s skin clear and healthy looking. In addition, it protects the human body from several diseases. Many people choose drinking sodas and sports drinks than water because water does not have much of a taste and carbonated drinks are flavored and tasteful. I guess I am one of those people who has being caught on to the hype of the soda companies. I do not really drink much water I would say I barely drink two cups a day, but I know the how good water is for my body. So I am modifying my behavior by adding more water to my diet.
However, effective therapeutic techniques all employ behaviorist techniques to change maladaptive or harmful behaviors in humans and animal. Many people, unknowingly, employ behaviorist techniques, be it an animal trainer, a parent or a teacher to help teach new behaviors or deject unwanted ones.
Johnston, J. E. (2009). The Complete Idiots Guide to Psychology (4th ed.). Indianapolis, Indiana: Alpha Books.
Behavioral psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study and alteration of people's behaviors, including their actions, emotions and thoughts. ... Techniques that may be applied include cognitive restructuring, behavioral modeling and, most commonly, classical and operant conditioning. John B. Watson is known for establishing the psychological school of behaviorism. He along with B.F. Skinner suggested that environmental influences such as parental approval and social customs shape us into wanting certain things and not wanting others (Rathus, S. A.). Reinforcing good behavior and punishing bad behavior is common within society. Behaviorism studies behaviors that can be measured or observed (Y). Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are used in behaviorism. An example would be if a behavior has been good and tasks assigned have been completed, then positive reinforcement is rewarded. If behavior has been poor and tasks assigned have not been completed then negative reinforcement is rewarded, maybe by taking something of value from that person until they complete tasks. Behavioral was placed second because I felt it flowed well behind Social Cognitive in addressing positive and negative
There are many intriguing branches of psychology, but behaviorism captured many aspiring psychologists and young minds in the 1920s and 1930, and has been the dominant orientation since the mid 30s. Behaviorism was the radical revision of the method of psychological research. Consciousness was not accepted at the time and behaviorism called for the ban of introspection. Behaviorism is a branch of psychology that started with John B. Watson’s “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it.” Even though considered innate, researching this topic will show behavior is learned more by environmental factors through modeling and observing. The founder, Watson, created classical conditioning, and later B.F. Skinner contributed with operant conditioning. Watson’s evidence was his most famous experiment, the “Little Albert Experiment.”
There are five main contributors to behaviorism. They are Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura, and Joseph Wolpe. The beh...
“Behavior theory consists of ideas about how human actions and emotions develop, are sustained, and are extinguished through principles of learning” (Walsh, 2010). Positive and negative reinforcement is used to help manipulate the behaviors of the individual. The theory has been used to help eliminate unwanted behaviors. In addition, behavior theory has been use primarily with children, and persons with developmental disabilities. According to Walsh (2010) behavior theory evolved in the 1960s from a field of philosophy to the field of science. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, which plays a major role in behavioral theory. Classical conditioning is the process of learning through ones surroundings, conditioned, and unconditioned stimuli and response. B. F. Skinner discovered operant conditioning the process of learning to influence the future responses to the environment (Clark, 2004). The two concepts has been used throughout the behavior theory to help assist clients with unacceptable behaviors that is occurring. The combination of the two concepts has been a very helpful aspect to the behavior theory. Both concepts offer a different approach or solution to the behavior of the client.