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Failure of the League of Nations and WW2
Successes and failures with league of nations
League of Nations and its role in maintaining world peace after the First World War
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The league of Nations was an entity that had never existed before. It was an intergovernmental organization founded in the fallout of the first World War at the Paris Peace Conference to prevent another war. Northedge states, ‘The formation of an international agency to prevent future wars was enrolled among the war policies of all major states in the conflict.’[ NORTHEDGE, F, S. (1986) The League of Nations its life and times 1920-1946, New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers, Page 2] It was the first global system whose primary goal was to maintain world peace and stems from the ideas of Woodrow Wilson's fourteen points. It relied on a concept coined collective security in which all member states are concerned with the security of the others and the belief of collective universal disarmament. Regarding the creation of the league of nations, Northedge continues, ‘Its purpose was mainly to keep peace, but it was also intended to serve as an umbrella under which a more orderly management of all world affairs, political, economic, financial, cultural and so on, would develop.’[ NORTHEDGE, F, S. (1986) The League of Nations its life and times 1920-1946, New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers, Page 1] The league of nations set the tone for the current United Nations and its successes and failures served as a building block for the future universal intergovernmental organization. Some say the league of nations had no direct significance and deem it an ultimate failure while others claim its indirect significance is the creation of the United Nations.
As the first intergovernmental system, the league of nations tackled the complications derived as a result of the first world war. The aftermath of the first world war had left many territ...
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...ue of Nations, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Page 161
] Fundamentally, this is the most powerful perception that supports the significance of the league of nations; the idea that it it formed the basis of a succeeding universal intergovernmental organization that was not only enhanced, but successful.
Bibliography
NORTHEDGE, F, S. (1986) The League of Nations its life and times 1920-1946, New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers
WALTERS, F,P. (1952) The History of the league of Nations, London: Oxford University Press
HENIG,R (1973) The League of Nations, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd
BIRN, D (1981) The League of Nations Union 1918-1945, New York: Oxford University Press
FOLEY, H (1923) Woodrow Wilson's case for the League of Nations, London: Oxford University Press
SCOTT, G (1973) The Rise and Fall of the League of Nations, London: Hutchinson & Co Publishers
...security. “It was supposed to replace the divine secrecy of prewar power politics. As part of Wilson’s vision, the league would guide the world toward disarmament and arbitrate its members’ disputes” (Hunt, 818).
Following World War I, President Woodrow Wilson became the mastermind for the creation of an international organization (Dudley 72). Eventually he was successful in the creation of the League of Nations and fighting for it to become a part of the Treaty of Versailles (Dudley 72). Although the League became a point in the Treaty of Versailles, the United States still had to ratify the Treaty to become a part of the League themselves (Dudley 76). Americans became split about whether the United States should have a place in the League or not, and the U.S. Senate had a decision to make (Dudley 76). On one side of the argument was a Democratic senator of California, James D. Phelan (Dudley 74). Mr. Phelan believed that the United States should join the League of Nations because it is the duty of the U.S. to uphold our ideals and support Democracy (Dudley 76). However, on the opposing side of this argument was people like Lawrence Sherman, a Republican senator from Illinois (Dudley 76). Mr. Sherman felt that the United States should not join the League of Nations because that would go against the policies of isolationism he felt the U.S. should follow, and he believed that the League of Nations would bring America too much into the conflicts of Europe (Dudley 76).
According to Kissinger, Wilson had dreamed of a “Community of Power” that would collectively provide international security. This community would come to be known as the “League of Nations.” Thanks in great part to Wilson’s grand vision, global cooperation is now being achieved through organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). International organizations like the UN and NATO have deep Wilsonian roots. Since 2004, NATO has added nine Baltic states to the organization (making a total of 28 members), which has arguably strengthened security cooperation efforts in that region. It is apparent Wilson’s dream of a “Community of Power” has persevered, due to the continued U.S. practice of promoting democracy as an instrument of conflict
Link’s book was published in 1979 and was written based upon privet manuscript collections, government archives from the U.S, Brittan, France and Germany, as well as newspapers. Link also reaches from monographs, biographies, and articles from numerous colleagues. (Link.pg 129) Each of these sources are solid and reliable sources, and were well used to put together a book packed with information on Woodrow Wilson’s life. Link uses many firsthand accounts from Wilson himself, but seems almost suspicious of accounts that were not presented first hand. Though Link is extremely selective in what he chose to present, the book clearly presents these facts, but has a very bias opinion of Wilson as discussed earlier. Link’s evidence, though selective, fits nicely in the monograph and makes the aspects of Wilson that he does cover clear and easy to read
In 1919 Woodrow Wilson wrote a statement to Henry Cabot Lodge the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in order to convince him to be in favor of the League of Nations. Woodrow Wilson believed, that the League of Nations was the best way for achieving an equitable peace for all the nations in the world. He said, that the United States should not interfere in any case, where one nation has their own restriction. In addition, Wilson mentioned that the United States is not going to be involved with immigration, tariff or naturalization of other nations, because each country have their own rights to deal with those question. Moreover, Wilson established that the United States will have to agree to “respect and persevere as against
International organizations such as NATO and the UN are essential not only for global peace, but also as a place where middle powers can exert their influence. It is understandable that since the inception of such organizations that many crises have been averted, resolved, or dealt with in some way thro...
Thomas Woodruff Wilson was moved with a passionate feeling of having a mission and his father's ideal, to leave the world a better place than you found it. His legacies still lives on today of peace, statesmenship, social and finnial reform and the many schools and programs named after him, most famously the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation and the old alama meter of his, Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and Internation Affairs, but his straight down greatest dream will forever be his biggest legacy; The League of Nations, still going on today.
Schulz, Gerhard. Revolutions and peace treaties, 1917-1920. Trans. Marian Jackson. London, Methuen. 1972. 65. Print.
The League of Nations has been seen as a seriously flawed international organisation and its failure to prevent World War Two has been well documented. Provide something of an alternative perspective by identifying and highlighting important policy-areas in which the League made valuable progress.
As Wilson’s attempt to ratify started to form controversy in America, Lodge presented amendments suggesting the only way the Senate would approve the treaty is if revisions could be made. Wilson in fact, refused the offer because he asserted it would enervate the whole treaty (Bailey 1957, 7). As the decision of ratification came closer, Wilson made a final attempt to help authorize the treaty. He went around America to try and advocate the treaty to the people of the United States. He gave thirty-two speeches until September 25, 1919 in Colorado where he suffered a severe stroke. Wilson’s obstinacy strengthened after his stroke, making him nearly impossible to compromise with. While Wilson was recovering from his stroke, Lodge made fourteen alterations to the treaty; most of the modifications were to the League of Nations (Tindall and Shi 2013, 1014). Bailey writes, But the iron hand of circumstance had forced Wilson to compromise away many of his points in order to salvage his fourteenth point, the League of Nations, which he hoped would iron out the injustices that had crept into the treaty. He was like the mother who throws her younger children to the pursuing wolves in order to save her sturdy first-born son” (Bailey 1957, 5). Wilson was not happy about the changes but one thing he would not let change was the last point,
The League of Nations sounds like a superhero team and in a sense, the goal that The League was trying to achieve could have been something straight out of a comic book. Originally proposed by President Woodrow Wilson during World War I, The League was born after some alterations. The League of Nations’ main intention was to bring an end to the war and prevent another one of the same atrocious proportions from happening in the future. Forty zealous countries joined this fight, but the most powerful country of all was not among them: The United States of America. While many Americans agreed with the goal of The League, many did not and those that did not were ones in power. The portion of the “mission statement” for The League that caused
"Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1918." U.S. Department of State Office of of the Historian. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.
In the United States the league was met with fierce opposition from those who thought it unwise to enter America into a collective organization, which would restrict its power and influence. Congress especially concerned with Article X, which morally bound the U.S. to aid any member of the League of Nations that was victimized by aggression, and revoke...
The League of Nations was an international organisation formed in 1920 with its primary objective being to uphold world peace and promote collective security. This was based on the idea that if one of the League’s members was invaded, the other countries would stand up against the aggressor together. The League had a variety of successes, including settling the Aaland Islands dispute between Sweden and Finland, as well as failures, such as the Corfu incident between Greece and Italy.
Assessment of the Success of the League of Nations In 1914 war broke out in Europe. The war ended in 1918 and Germany solely blamed. The end of the war was signed with the treaty of Versailles. From the war was born the League of Nations; who helped nations resolve disputes peacefully without going to war. When the League was formed, the defeated nations were not invited to join.