2. Tiananmen Incident The incident started when a students’ favorite pro-reform politician, Hu, died on April the 15th 1989. He was a Chinese reformer or so considered by many, due to the numerous policies that he enacted while on duty, as he proposed some changes to be done within the government, wanting to make this last one more transparent and removing some governmental control over the economy. All these changes done, made him very popular among people, especially students, many of whom were very frustrated with the bureaucratic, corruption and strict party control of the government by then. Thousands of people gathered together for a last good bye in his funeral. As more and more mourners came along to Beijing, small groups of people started clashing with the police. People began to feel very upset with the government's response to Hu's death as well as their long-standing grievances, for this reason, they started forming unions and committees to protest. Despite of this, the majority of the protesters still did not want the overthrow of the current party however, they claimed for serious reforms to be applied. Having said that, on April the 26th same, a turning point occurred when the party's official newspaper People's Daily issued a front-page editorial titled "It is necessary to take a clear-cut stand against disturbances, accusing in that way the "extremely small segments of opportunists" of plotting to overthrow the Communist Party and the political system. The statement infuriated students, who interpreted it as a direct indictment on the protests and its cause. Furthermore, the editorial backfired antagonized students against the state instead of enhancing them into submission; therefore, as many others started... ... middle of paper ... ...wever; hegemony of the dominant order is rarely contested. Nevertheless, Asian values are a set of ideals that mainly emphasize on the community rather than individuals’ that means, prevailing social order and harmony over individual freedom, an insistence on hard work, a particular focus on saving and thriftiness, a respect for political leadership, a belief that government and business not necessarily have to be natural adversaries, and at last but not least, an emphasis on family loyalty. However, Asian leaders and East Asian countries’ citizens mostly defend and follow these values. Within the context of the Confucian’s tradition such as hard work, an emphasis on education, pragmatism, self-discipline, familial orientations and collectivism, also contain some of the values already mentioned, despite the difficulties in application that those carry around.
There is no better way to learn about China's communist revolution than to live it through the eyes of an innocent child whose experiences were based on the author's first-hand experience. Readers learn how every aspect of an individual's life was changed, mostly for the worst during this time. You will also learn why and how Chairman Mao launched the revolution initially, to maintain the communist system he worked hard to create in the 1950's. As the story of Ling unfolded, I realized how it boiled down to people's struggle for existence and survival during Mao's reign, and how lucky we are to have freedom and justice in the United States; values no one should ever take for
However, Asians are rapidly becoming a greater force in American culture as the proportion of educated Asian-Americans rises. Despite small numbers, they begin to have more and more influence in the business and professional worlds as well as academics. They are an interesting group, however, caught between two extremely different cultures as they seek to strike a balance between the ideals of their parents and the world they live in.
... to keep their opinions to themselves. It would take years for them to find their voice again. Not, only did this movement silence millions, but it was also the moment for many Chinese, when the cracks in the party started to show. The man who had been revered as a god, had made a mistake, and people started to question themselves and their beliefs.
Confucianism is a philosophy and way of life formed in China by Confucius, an early Chinese philosopher. It began as a simple concept with ideals of personal virtue, simple filial piety, and basic gender distinctions and social inequalities. But, over time with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism it began to transform into a way of life that was degrading towards women with certain hostilities towards rivaling religions. In its early period, from around 500 B.C.E to the Common Era, Confucianism changed in that it became the leading belief system and a major part of Chinese tradition. From the transition into the Common Era to the end of the Classical time period, Confucianism was altered because of a loss of popularity following the collapse of the Han dynasty and the corruption in the governing political system. In its ending period, the post-classical era, Confucianism underwent perhaps its biggest adjustments with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism. The ideas and virtues presented in the “rebirth of Confucian philosophies” of intolerance of foreign religions and extreme filial piety...
Confucianism, one of the most renowned Chinese ideologies, was begun by Confucius, a Chinese scholar born in 551 B.C. At the time of his birth, there was crisis and violence occurring in China. In order to combat this problem, Confucius came up with the five relationships. Following these “relationships” (ex. Ruler and subject, older brother and younger brother) would help to establish harmony between all. The majority of these relationships pertained to family matters, which went hand in hand with Confucius’s stressing of filial piety, or respect shown by children for their parents and elders. This single value led to many changes in people’s daily life and attitudes.
(A newspaper article that reflects the Cultural Revolution to the modern Chinese politics and society and an opinionated source.)
...ues the Chinese chose instead to uphold their values and some societal relations such as the position of women and the definitions of public and private space between men and women came under scrutiny. The duties of filial piety have a place in traditional Chinese society and have to value to continue to evolve with the country, but values are only worth keeping if they do not hinder the progress and growth of a nation.
For those individuals that choose to look into the philosophy of Confucius, Confucianism recognizes that the quest for virtue is ordinary and providential. However, in this quest of moral aptness Confucius tried to offer other people the fervent self love that he had greatly embodied. To actually make oneself as perfect as possible was the central concern of life. Al...
In response to protests led by students against his dictatorial leadership, Ne Win abolished students unions and dynamited student union buildings at Rangoon University, leaving 100 university students dead. All unions immediately started to violate laws, restricting the basic civil rights of millions of people. This is considered a part of root cause of student-led protests which led to 8888 uprising. In addition to that, demonetizing three-fourth bank notes caused students unable to afford their tuition fee, resulting in the closure of universities and high schools(The Role of Students in the 8888 People’s Uprising in Burma, 2011).Consequently, the dissatisfaction of students was building, leading to a seemingly innocuous fight between students and civilian over the selection of music in a teashop near the Rangoon University,sparkinga major upheaval. The participants were,subsequently, arrested by police coming to intervene into the fight to stop the conflict, clubbing one person to death in the process. Others were left locked in the police van for hours in the midday heat, leaving 41 students dead of suffocation. Surprisingly, one protagonist who was the son of a senior Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP) member. On 21 June 1988, following the fight in tea shop, a protest led by students at Rangoon University was brutally and bloodily quelled, which left hundred people dead. After the bloody massacre of students, General Ne Win resigned as chairman of BSPP and as a member of the party and nominated SeinLwin, known as the Butcher, to replace his position; however, he still held power from behind the scenes(Kingsbery, 2005). Students believed that SeinLwin, who had advised Ne Win to dynamite student union buildings during Ne Win’s authority, would not lead to a reform which students wanted; therefore, they started to mobilize people; including labors, students, and
In the category of view of society, each belief has a different view. The Confucians believed that you develop good character through a good life and that everyone has their own role.
Confucianism is one of the major schools of thought in China. It developed from the teaching of Confucius. The principle of Confucianism is contained in nine ancient Chinese works handed down by Confucius and his followers. Later those works were divided into two groups as Th...
This was one of the many protests that were led by the civilians of the P.R.C. in the latter half of the 1980s that protested the communistic government that was in place which sought to have a democratic government established. However, it took a turn for the worse when the Chinese military started firing on the pro-democracy protesters on June 4, 1989 and killed hundreds of them (Richelson and Evans). This massacre caused the U.S. President George Herbert Walker Bush to announce sanctions on China that prevented the U.S. and China from commercially selling weapons to each other (Richelson and Evans). This differed from the past actions of former presidents in that they did not send troops over to defend the people of China like they did in sending troops to South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
Confucianism is a religion derived from Daoism by the great Chinese sage Confucius (551–478 B.C.E.). It began as philosophical and ethical thought and was conceived in a society undergoing social turmoil. Confucianism is a newer religion that came to be around the same time as Buddhism. Its values and morals have had an enormous impact on the culture of many countries in Eastern Asia. All of Confucius’ teachings are recorded in the Analects, one of the four main texts of Confucianism. China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan are only a handful of the countries that have been influenced by Confucianism. Personally, I come from a culture who does not practice Confucianism. However, its concepts, such as being respectful to your elders and mentoring your younger siblings were prevalent in my childhood. Studying this religion more in depth gives me a better understanding of the philosophy that my family embraces. Of the eight elements discussed in Molloy, the two that interest me the most in this context are ethics and the belief system.
...o wanted to regain power, launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in 1966, saying its goal was to establish an equal, socialist society, but in fact he wanted to undermine, and even eliminate Liu Shaoqi by giving him the title “capitalist-roader”; though this real intention of the Revolution remained a secret to most of the countrymen in China, for he cannot make his hunger for power too obvious. After Mao’s successful, complete elimination of Liu, he began to transform the government and society so that everyone in the country saw him as the best person on Earth. Even after the transformation, Mao still did not want anyone to prevent him from ruling the country as a single supreme figure, so he eventually undermined his so-called successor Lin Biao as well. After all these years of struggle, Mao became extremely ill and past away in September 9, 1976.
Values are the “standards by which people define what is good and bad, beautiful and ugly” (Essentials of Sociology, 49). Almost every other aspect of a specific culture is determined by that culture’s values. The prevalent beliefs, norms, and behaviors in a culture are almost completely dependent upon that culture’s values. Values shape people’s beliefs, influencing their ideas of religion, their ideas of right and wrong, their ideas of what is important or worthwhile in life, their ideas of human rights, and their ideas of who is superior or inferior to whom. Values determine a culture’s norms or the way in which the people of a particular culture are expected to behave. A culture’s values determine people’s behavior by compelling them to follow the norms, thereby influencing what they say, how they interact with other people, what careers/goals they pursue, what religion they practice, what they do for fun, what they eat, and how they dress.