Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
quizlet acute renal failure
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Acute Renal Failure
According to medline plus, “Acute kidney failure is the rapid loss your kidneys' ability to remove waste and help balance fluids and electrolytes in your body. In this case, rapid means less than 2 days.”(Silberberg) In Acute renal failure, there are 3 different causes: Pre-renal, intrarenal, and post-renal. In pre-renal, it ” occurs when a sudden reduction in blood flow in the kidney (renal hypo-perfusion) causes a loss of kidney function. “ (Thompson) (WebMD) According to WebMD, there is nothing actually wrong with the kidney in this case and it is also the most common cause of acute renal disease. Intrarenal in Acute renal failure “occurs when direct damage to the kidneys causes a sudden loss in kidney function.”(Thompson) Post-renal happens when there is some sort of blockage that occurs in the urinary tract. When this happens, it causes the accumulation of excess waste in the kidneys, sometimes in both.(Staff)
When determining whether or not someone has acute renal failure, there may be many signs that can help diagnose this. One factor that may occur is the amount of urine that your body is excreting. In severe cases like that, a urine test may be asked to be performed by a doctor. When acute renal failure is suspected, a doctor might also ask to get a blood test to see if levels of creatinine and urea are high. Another test that may be done is an imaging test. An imagining test consist of either an ultrasound or a CT in order for the doctor to be able to see inside the kidneys. To determine kidney failure, a doctor might also insert a needle into the kidney to take a sample of it to determine whether or not it is diagnosed. (n.d)
There can be many indications of acute renal failure a...
... middle of paper ...
...//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000501.htm
Staff, H. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/postrenal-acute-renal-failure
The National Kidney Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dialysisinfo.cfm
Thompson, E. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/prerenal-acute-renal-failure
Thompson, G. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/intrinsic-acute-renal-failure
W. Smith, M., Chang, L., & Nazario, B. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/acute-renal-failure-topic-overview
(n.d). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuria
(n.d). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliguria
(n.d). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uremia
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotemia
There are two types of glomerulonephritis—acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ACF form generally develops suddenly as a result of an infection or illness, such as, group A streptococci bacteria, hepatitis, or in diseases such as lupus or HIV (Mathias, 2013). This type may require dialysis to replace renal function while it lasts, however, kidney function usually returns after the primary illness is treated. Many acute patients will not have any other complications as no permanent damage is done. Whereas CKD is found in a person that has had glomerulonephritis for months to years in some cases and may be asymptomatic until the kidney has become irreversibly damaged. ARF can evolve to become chronic if the glomeruli do not respond to
The kidneys play a major role in the blood composition and volume , the excretion of metabolic wastes in the urine, the control the acid/base balance in the body and the hormone production for maintaining hemostasis. The damages to the GBM in the glomeruli alter filtration process that allows the protein and red blood cells to leak into the urine. Loss of protein like albumin in the urine results in a decrease of their level into the blood stream. Consequently, this patient’s blood reveals a decreased albumin (Alb) value of 2.9 g/dL, decreased serum total protein value of 5 .0 g/dL and in the urine presents of the protein and the RBCs. Impaired filtering capacity result in inability of kidneys to excrete excretory products like electrolytes and metabolic waste products that will then accumulate in the blood. Furthermore, inability of distal convoluted tubules to excrete sufficient quantities of potassium, sodium, magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), urea, creatinine (Cr), alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phos), and phosphate (PO4) results in their elevation in the blood. His laboratory values reveal an increased of sodium value of 149 meq/L, an increase of potassium value of 5.4meq/L, increased chloride value of 116 meq/L, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) serum of 143 mg/dL, and increased creatinine serum of 7.14 mg/dL. The other abnormal blood tests associated with a loss of kidneys’ filtration property identify in this patient are related to an increase of alkaline phosphatase value of 178 IU/L, increased magnesium value of 3.8mgdL, and increased phosphate (PO4) value of 5.9 mg/dL .
This can be investigated by a range of procedures. These include a CT scan of the kidneys and bladder in conjunction with an abdominal X-ray. Results obtained from the diagnosis and tests enable judgments’ relating to the stage to which the problem has developed and will inform decisions on the appropriate treatment
According to the Mayo Clinic Staff (2012), acute kidney renal failure occurs abruptly when your kidneys lose their filtering abilities and cannot filter waste products from your blood. This is also known as acute renal failure or acute kidney injury. When this happens, high levels of waste may become accumulated in your blood and will alter your bloods chemical make up causing them to get out of balance. This failure or injury could happen rapidly over a few hours or a few days and can become fatal. Mostly people who are hospitalized and who are critically ill will need intensive care. If you take care of your body, acute kidney may be reversible and you may recover normal kidney function.
Pathophysiology There are three different stages of acute renal failure; prerenal, intrarenal, and post renal. Prerenal failure is a result from an illness or injury that causes obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys, called hypoperfusion. Hypotension, hypervolemia and inadequate cardiac output are all examples that could cause prerenal failure. According to Lippincott Williams and Wilkins (2009), “prerenal azotemia, excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood, account for 40% to 80% of all cases of acute renal failure” (p. 307). Intrarenal is when there is direct damage to the kidney tissue by either inflammations, drugs, infections or a reduction in the blood supply to the kidney. Post renal is when there is an obstruction of the urine flow. Causes of obstruction could be enlarged prostate gland, kidney stones, bladder tumor or injury. There are four phases of acute renal failure; onset, oliguria, diuresis and recovery. The onset phase can last hours or up to days. The BUN and creatinine levels may start to increas...
The renal disease are common nowadays .The acute renal failure is a medical term means that the kidneys stopped from working and not able to clear toxins from body ,not able to maintained a stable electrolyte balance inside the body and not able to secret the extra fluid as urine outside the body. The renal replacement therapy (RRT) or dialysis has been discovered on 1913 by Able, Rowntree and Turner in London, UK.
As a result of this there is insufficient blood flow to the kidneys. Secondly, Acute intrinsic kidney failure occurs when there is direct trauma to the kidneys. This usually occurs when taking a sever hit to the body near the kidneys. Other factors could be toxin overload and ischemia, lack of oxygen to the kidneys caused by renal blood vessel obstruction, shock, sever bleeding or inflammation. Chronic pre-renal kidney failure is a third type of kidney failure occurring when there is a long-term lack of blood flow to the kidneys. This type of kidney failure usually causes the kidneys to shrink and lose their function. Then, Chronic intrinsic kidney failure occurs by direct trauma to the kidneys due to severe bleeding or lack of oxygen. Lastly chronic post-renal kidney failure is a result of blockage of the urinary tract prevention urination and causing pressure eventually leading to kidney
Sepsis is a severe medical condition that is caused by an infection in the body that travels to the blood stream. This infection has extremely high death rates and can be linked to most admissions in the intensive care unit. There is a series of events that happens once an infection occurs in the body. These events are preventable if caught early on in this cascade.
This article is for people whose kidneys fail to work. This condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which involves progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function, is present in 26 million Americans (Lewis, 2011, pp 1170-1181). There are many causative factors of CKD. Some of these causes are environmental; that is, the prevalence of CKD is influenced by how we live as individuals. Lack of exercise and poor diet can lead to hypertension, which can lead to CKD. Although other factors are involved, lack of exercise and poor diet also increases a person’s risk for developing diabetes, which is one of the second leading causes of CKD. This paper examines a few of those causes more closely and aims to educate clinicians, and their patients, on health promotion activities that they can implement to reduce the risk of getting CKD.
...n ones are a kidney biopsy, imagine test, blood test and kidney ultrasound. After getting a positive test for Glomerulonephritis, the adequate treatment has to be implemented. The treatment needed varies from person to person depending on the level of damage, cause of the disease and symptoms. When the patient presents hypertension, the whole treatment is focused on lowering the high blood pressure. If other disease causes Glomerulonephritis, also known as secondary Glomerulonephritis, the doctor should provide medication to control either lupus or diabetes. In severe cases, it is recommended to go trough dialysis not only to drain the excess liquid but also to low blood pressure. In addition to any treatment implemented, the patients have to modify their diets in order to keep their kidneys healthy for longer time and prevent any complications (Mayo Clinic 2014).
Some may think that they words acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease mean the same thing, but that is incorrect. Kidney failure results from the kidneys not being able to eliminate metabolic waste products and water, which can also disturb all other organs of the body. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden and rapid loss of kidney function that usually occurs over hours to days due to acute tubular necrosis. Acute tubular necrosis is a process where ischemia affects parts of the kidneys and disrupts the basement membrane and the tubular epithelium. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a gradual onset and can take place over many years. CKD is seen in many diabetic patients due to diabetic neuropathy. AKI is a much more serious issue and should be taken very seriously.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly becoming a major community and public health issue. This paper looks into CKD as both a community and public issue and proposes how concerned stakeholders and partners can be mobilized to work together toward fighting the disease.
Renal ultrasonography is done for evaluating renal disease and blockage of the urinary system. Aortorenal angiography also helps in the diagnosis of many renal vascular diseases. Renal biopsy is useful for identification of intra renal causes of AKI.
Kidney Function Introduction and definition of terms: The kidneys are the main organs in the urinary system. They filter waste products out of blood from the renal artery. These are then excreted. Useful solutes are reabsorbed into the blood. They also have a major homeostatic role in the body, and help to control the water content (osmoregulation) and pH of the blood.