CERCLA stands for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or more commonly known as the Superfund. The Superfund created a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries and provided broad Federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment, and was enacted by Congress on December 11, 1980. On October 17, 1986 CERCLA was amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). (U.S. EPA, 2010) The CERCLA established prohibitions and requirements concerning closed and abandoned hazardous waste sites, provided liability of persons responsible for releases of hazardous waste at these sites, and establish a trust fund to provide for cleanup when no responsible party could be identified. (U.S. EPA, 2010) The Illinois law that most closely relates to this would be the Illinois Environmental Protection Act and Groundwater Protection Act ("IEPAGPA") §§22.d, 22.50 and Title VI-D, and §58.8. (Cornbleet, 2005) This act extends the authority of the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) and requires all polluters to notify the public of hazardous spills. CAA is the Clean Air Act of 1990. It was designed to “protect and enhance the nation’s air resources so as to promote the public health and welfare and the productive capacity of the population.” (U.S. EPA, 2010) The CAA allows for state and local governments to enforce requirements of the CAA. The CAA requires each state to develop a State Implementation Plan (SIP) to identify air pollution sources and determine ways to reduce pollution to meet the federal air quality standards. The CAA also includes reductions of vehicle emissions, g... ... middle of paper ... .... Section 319 of the clean water act. Retrieved from http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/watershed/publications/nps-pollution/section-319-clean-water-act.html U.S. EPA. (2010, March 04). Summary of the endangered species act. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/regulations/laws/esa.html Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Initials. (n.d.).illinois endangered species protection act . Retrieved from http://dnr.state.il.us/orep/ee/espa.htm U.S. EPA. (2010, March 11). Federal insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide act (fifra). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/lfra.html Illinois General Assembly, . (n.d.). Environmental safety (415 ilcs 60/) illinois pesticide act.. Retrieved from http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=1596&ChapAct=415%26nbsp;ILCS%26nbsp;60/&ChapterID=36&ChapterName=ENVIRONMENTAL+SAFETY&ActName=Illinois+Pesticide+Act
"Introduction for Creating Habitats and Homes for Illinois Wildlife." DNR. Web. 14 Sept. 2011. .
City of Los Angeles Environmental Affairs Department. “L.A. Made a Difference!” Los Angeles, CA: US. 1998. www.cityofla.org/EAD/article3.htm
This era brought economic growth as well as harsh air pollutants. As the population mass migrated from rural farms to industrial cities, poor air quality resulted in chronic illness and premature deaths among laborers and residents. Second, “the CAA is a good economic investment for Americans” (EPA). According to an EPA study, the benefits of the CAA are projected to exceed the compliance costs by 30 – to – 1 in the year 2020. The study concludes that the CAA positively impacts the overall “economic welfare of American households” because higher air quality leads to less adverse health problems, reducing medical visits and increasing working days, which “more than offset the economic impacts from expenditures for pollution control” (EPA).
Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Protection Agency, (Nov 2011). Caa national enforcement programs. Retrieved from website: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/civil/caa/caaenfprog.html
...ted States. Department of Agriculture. Animal Care Blue Book. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations. United States Department of Agriculture. Web. 23 Dec. 2013. .
U.S. Enviromental Protection Agency. (2011, January 13). Retrieved January 20, 2011, from Summary of the Clean Air Act 42 U.S.C. §7401 et seq. (1970): http://www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/caa.html
Pesticides: Topical & Chemical Fact Sheets. US EPA, 9 May. 2012. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
The Superfund program, which was better known as just Superfund, is also known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability act (CERLA) of 1980 was developed by the federal government as a way to preserve and protect the ecosystem and to clean up toxic, uncontrolled, abandoned hazardous waste sites. (Boorse & Wright, 2011, p.577). The Superfund program cleans up any hazardous waste, be it abandoned, accidentally spilled, or illegally dumped; any of which may pose a threat to future or current health or the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency works with the community, the responsible parties or the potential responsible party in identifying these hazardous waste sites in formulating plans to clean up these sites. Superfund provides laws and standards for the disposal and storage of such wastes. In addition, the Superfund program provides emergency financial support to existing environmental agencies to monitor removal of toxins, and to provide emergency cleanup services, provide monetary reparation to people who faced health or financial difficulties and concerns from toxic waste, and, if needed, to help enact emergency evacuation procedures. Superfund also provides for liability of persons responsible for releases of hazardous waste at these sites, and can establish a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries to make available for cleanup when no responsible party could be recognized. The National Priorities List, or NPL, is a list of the worst hazardous waste sites that have been identified by Superfund. (Boorse & Wright, 2011, p. 578). Any site on the NPL is eligible for cleanup using Superfund Trust money.
The Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970, which established nationwide standards for air quality, is one such “unfounded mandate.” Although it is a federal law, states must pay the cost of implementation and enforcement.
Regulating the toxic waste emissions of polluting organizations has been a costly and time-consuming element of environmental policy for as long as there have been restrictions on these emissions. However, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), signed into law in late 1986, set forth a number of standards that required polluters to disclose information about their emissions levels to the public and started a chain of events that has led to the creation of numerous information disclosure policies. One of the main thoughts behind these laws, aside from the benefit of increased public awareness of pollution in the community and the ability to plan for emergencies involving the wastes from polluters, was that with firms’ toxics use information available to the public, polluting firms would be motivated to regulate their own emissions in an effort to maintain positive public images. Many other laws were later passed with the same ideas in mind, so that there now are a number of different laws requiring information disclosure and encouraging self-regulation by polluting firms and facilities.
The Clean Air Act is the elected law which has conveyed to assurance that we have air that isn't contaminated and alright for us to relax. The law principle goal is for public health assurance, and likewise looks to secure the environment from air pollution. The characteristics of the Clean Air Act: Set national health-based air quality standards for insurance against basic pollutants including ozone, carbon monoxide, model dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead. New methodologies were made for cleaning of the air to meet the heath standards inside a concurred period. EPA sets national standards for significant wellsprings of air pollution as autos, trucks and electric force plants.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2013). Developing risk communication plans for drinking water contamination incidents. Retrieved from http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/watersecurity/lawsregs/upload/epa817f13003.pdf
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (FWS). (2014, January 15). Pesticides and wild life. Retrieved form http://www.fws.gov/contaminants/info/ddt.html
In 1976 the Resource Conservation Recovery Act was passed. This act is a main federal law in the United States that governs disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste. The act also generates criminal liability for anyone who knowingly handles hazardous waste without an RCRA permit. The Aberdeen Proving Grounds complied with the RCRA regulation and obtained a permit for management of hazardous waste materials at the proving grounds; however, only three separate areas at Aberdeen were designated for storage of hazardous wastes under this permit, and it did not allow storage, treatment, or disposal of hazardous wastes at the Pilot Plant or the Old Pilot Plant where the three engineers worked.
The health, safety and environmental threats pose by open dumps are: damage to wildlife habitats, contamination of drinking water, disease carrying insects such as mosquitoes, flies and rodents. Safety concerns for fire and explosion, children being injured playing on or around open dumps. Contamination of creeks, streams, lakes, and rivers. Toxic gases poses a threat to the surroundings, groundwater and soil contamination and decline in quality of life by residents and communities where these sites are located.