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Research paper on autism
Autism spectrum disorder research paper
Research introduction about autism
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Throughout history, mankind has encountered multiple obstacles. One of the main roadblocks has been illness. From a simple cold to the bubonic plague, viruses and diseases were once thought uncontrollable and deadly. Scientists have recently found ways to combat such illnesses – vaccines. When administered, the weak virus in a vaccine is easily overwhelmed by a healthy immune system. The human body remembers the virus structure and is capable of fighting the full version. In manufacturing vaccines, it is necessary to prevent bacterial or fungal growth in the event that the vaccine is accidentally contaminated, as might occur with repeated puncture of multi-dose vials (Questions and Answers). Four ninths of the 2009-2010 influenza vaccine and half of the 2009-2010 H1N1 vaccine contain the Thimerosal preservative (Thimerosal in Some U.S. Licensed Vaccines). Thimerosal is fifty percent Mercury by weight (Thimerosal in Vaccines). The toxicity of Mercury has long been recognized. Commonly known negative effects of mercury are Minamata disease from contaminated fish or grain, Pink disease from Mercury in teething powders, and Mad Hatter’s disease. Most recently, Thimerosal has allegedly been linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders. A hidden miniature war has erupted between United States government health officials and the Coalition for Mercury-free Drugs, or CoMeD. Both sides admit the dangers of mercury but have taken different positions on the safety of currently offered vaccines and alleged links to ASD.
Primarily, ASD is believed to arise from genetic disposition. The American Medical Association admits the cause is unconfirmed, but they relay an argument suggesting the cause is primarily genetic because tests show prevalence of auti...
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...ing manufactured for the U.S. market…contain no Thimerosal or only trace amounts” (Questions and Answers). Today’s vaccinated children have a greater chance of becoming a mermaid than becoming Autistic from Thimerosal. In fact, by not being vaccinated, a greater risk is imposed on our children. It is scary to imagine an eradicated disease such as Polio, Rubella, or Smallpox reappearing simply because an ill-informed parent did not know Thimerosal-free vaccines were available for infants. Talking with doctors is not just a tagline for cheesy medication commercials. Conversation with a trusted family doctor or pediatrician is dire for the health of our children. The safety and security of our country and our planet depends on how we pave the road for our kids. Safely immunizing them provides protection from the most vile and easily preventable roadblocks in life.
...he diseases they are aimed to protect from. Within the United States, vaccines have reduced the incidence of measles by 98 percent and invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in children by more than 99 percent. Because of immunization, the incidence of diphtheria dropped from 206,000 cases and 15,520 deaths in 1921 to an average of just two to three reported cases each year since 1980. Despite the success in eradicating diseases, some people tend to doubt the safety of vaccination, by believing misleading information about the ingredients of vaccines. Brian Dunning in his video clears out all the nonsense arguments associated with vaccine ingredients people use to avoid getting vaccinated. The ingredients that are present in every vaccine are listed and are available to anyone who is interested. As Brian says - “Everything there is there for a reason”.
“Vaccinations are causing a major upsurge in childhood diseases, adult maladies, and even deadly ailments such as Gulf War Syndrome and Lou Gehrig’s disease” (Blaylock). Every now and then an individual’s doctor calls telling them about the latest vaccine they should receive. The person immediately schedules a time to come in and get it done. But do they even give a second thought about it? Have they ever thought that maybe they do not need another vaccination? Many people have not taken the time to seriously think about the process of immunization. The truth is, there are many dangers that the average person should be unaware of. Rarely do vaccines actually accomplish what the public has been told. In fact, a lot of vaccines contain harmful substances that have been linked to disorders such as autism. The lack of education and dishonesty from doctors are putting people in danger of health problems without even realizing. Many parents feel obligated for their children to get vaccinated because of school, not knowing they have the alternative option of refusing immunization.
The cause of AS is still very much unknown.Children with Asperger syndrome start to show signs as early as one to two years old; however a diagnosis is rarely given until later, usually around the ages of th...
A recent study shows that infants have been exposed to large amounts of mercury when they are vaccinated and the high levels of mercury are toxic and can result in neurodevelopment disorders and behavioral disorders (O’Meara). Why expose a child to toxic levels of mercury if it is not necessary? Parents deserve the right to choose to get their kids vaccinated or not. People are being forced against their will to have their children vaccinated with harmful substances that could potentially kill them (Cronin). Every parent should be able to have the choice to protect their children from the harmful effects of vaccinations.
Every year, tens of thousands Americans die from the seasonal flu alone. This alarming statistic is what led the United States government to urge the country to vaccinate themselves, as well as their children every November, when the flu season is fast approaching. Though countless Americans do follow the government’s plea, many others insist that these vaccines distributed every year (as well as other year-long vaccines) contain an abnormally high amount of thimerosal, (a mercury-based chemical in vaccines designed to prevent the growth of bacteria) which could eventually lead to autism. This generation of fear is what has led many concerned parents to refuse to vaccinate their children, who seem to be the most vulnerable to this disease. However, can we really trust a rumor to fuel our doubts of America’s struggle to fight disease among our people? Can we discontinue our trust in the health department because of paranoia? No. Even if autism may be an effect of these vaccines, it is our duty, our responsibility to protect the good of the public by preventing an outbreak of this infl...
... you wait, the more likely your child’s immune system will be able to handle the onslaught with minimal damage” (Sarah). I am not suggesting that we return to the days without vaccines. But we must seriously address what appears to be an obvious link between the epidemic of developmental delays, autoimmune diseases, and the increasing number of mandatory vaccines. Every parent should know the advantages as well as the dangers associated with each and every vaccine, each and every time it is given. They should know the positive and negative consequences of refusing that their children be vaccinated, and be made aware of how they can go about getting exemptions. Also-- the government, industry, health-care professionals, and parents must band together to get the research needed to determine the safety of these vaccines. The stakes are too high for us to do otherwise.
... genetics and environment play a role. Researchers have identified a number of genes associated with the disorder. Studies of people with A.S.D. have found irregularities in several regions of the brain. Other studies suggest that people with autism have abnormal levels of serotonin or other neurotransmitters in the brain. These abnormalities suggest that autism could result from the disruption of normal brain development early in fetal development caused by defects in genes that control brain growth and the regulation of how brain cells communicate with each other. With so many answers as to what may cause autism, it makes treatment for autism particularly difficult as there currently is no one standard “fix.” In fact, there are several types of therapy that may help minimize symptoms of A.S.D. and the effectiveness of each program differs for each individual.
Dr. Hans Asperger was the first to describe Asperger’s Syndrome, also known as AS, in 1944. He explained that AS causes clumsiness, poor motor skills, and an inability to walk or run smoothly (Miyahara, Tsujii, ...
Despite the doctors’ reassurances and mounting evidences about the safety and value of immunization, many parents are still wary about getting their children injected. Some even opposed it because they fear that the vaccine itself is not benign. It is often considered unnecessary in many cases because the illnesses don’t pose a big threat to the child’s life. However, others point out that they help eradicate many contagious illnesses and prevent many deaths. For example, polio and smallpox, once killed thousands of children, are eliminated because of the use of vaccines. There were many studies conducting to show whether it can trigger serious reactions and disorders. In 1998, Andrew Wakefield published an observation of 12 children that linked the measles, mumps, and rubella combination vaccine with intestinal problems which he believed led to autism. Once people heard this news, they become alarmed. However, many large studies had been conducted and found no association between the t...
Offit, Paul A. "Vaccines and Thimerosal." The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Mar. 2014. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
There is no known single cause of autism. Researchers are investigating a number of possible theories including genetics, heredity, medical problems, problems during pregnancy or delivery, as well as environmental influences. It is widely accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in the brain structure or function. There is evidence from neuropathological studies that autism has its origins in abnormal brain development early in prenatal life which continues postnatally, showing acceleration in brain growth measured by head circumference (Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P., 2005). The disorder also seems to have a genetic basis, although researchers have yet to find the specific genes that link to the onset of autism. There could be a cluster of genes that have somehow interfered with normal brain development and function. Studies show that twins of children with autism were more likely to be autistic themselves than the regular population, demonstrating there is a heredity lin...
So far, the causes of ASD remain a mystery. However, researchers say that autism may
For years people have been looking for a cure for the devastating disease of cancer. Cancer is the third highest killer in the US with over 2,500,000 victims per year. Oncologists and scientists around the country are researching all forms of cancer in an effort to understand, treat, and ultimately defeat this disease. Already there have been numerous advances in the field, such as chemotherapy and gene therapy. One advance has been the use of a cell process known as apoptosis. By harnessing this normal cell process, scientists hope to have found an effective way to combat cancer.
Vaccines against diphtheria, polio, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella, and more recent additions of hepatitis B and chicken pox, have given humans powerful immune guards to ward off unwelcome sickness. And thanks to state laws that require vaccinations for kids enrolling in kindergarten, the U.S. presently enjoys the highest immunization rate ever at 77%. Yet bubbling beneath these national numbers is the question about vaccine safety. Driven by claims that vaccinations can be associated with autism, increasing number of parents are raising questions about whether vaccines are in fact harmful to children, instead of helpful (Park, 2008).
A prevailing argument that pro-voluntaristic individuals frequently make is that vaccines have the potential to be harmful to individuals; a primary motive behind this pertains to an alleged correlation that exists between thimerosal, a component of vaccines, and countless disorders including autism (Benjamin, 2003). According to Barbara Loe Fisher, president of the National Vaccine Information Center, “When you take a look at the ever-increasing numbers of doses of vaccines babies have gotten over the past two decades and you see this corresponding rise in chronic disease and disability in our children, it is out of control” (Benjamin, 2003). Many speculated that the mercury contained within the thimerosal was to blame for this. However, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), thimerosal contains a form of mercury known as ethylmercury that quickly evacuates the body and cannot cause adverse reactions unless exposure involves abnormally large doses (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Nevertheless, a fair handful of United States citizens are medically unable to receive vaccines; for example, out of a billion people, nearly 250,000 possible vaccine reactions were documented